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  7. Organic Chemistry (H432)

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A complete organic chemistry summary
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All of the synthetic pathways and reactions needed for A Level chemistry, along with diagrams and a list of mechanisms. Complete and thorough - if you learn this sheet you will know all of organic chemistry.

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  • January 1, 2023
  • 1
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

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ORGANIC CHE MISTRY
I
"
II
' "

my

:#




polythene
(0 t
H10
fi
, amino ""




Ef ¥
""
"




:/
'

-




H H n combustion



Polymer , " ithen.ie
to
,
E. Heman . ftp.p.POlyaomide
toddy C =L Nickel H H
⑤
H
f- c- c- H condensation
-



catalyst
" H H
A IK9M @
hydrolysis
'
'
> polymerisation
Iropnilic free radical substitution H

bromoptropane
nig
H t


*ogeitUV light 2-


Athene """"¥i%HaI0AI Kane
inzmoieiuies
y
, :


q, "
H -
i. e- H %:
I, It hydrogen halide
①
+
Electrophilic addition




:oii¥÷÷÷i÷÷ :÷÷÷i÷: ÷÷÷÷
fain(
,
~




is:* :
" "


:*:*:*
.
÷.
refh.tk
/ C
H
H, P04 catalyst
-



I
, µ


in"

::÷÷÷÷÷,
" "
"




"
÷:c :c . ¥ .no .
.



Secondary alcohol
'
H

primary
reduction

all hot
H OH
addition
catalytic

ffydyoygynifpg.gg g.
,,ca+aµ+
+ * ,


www.qq.jq#oandd..,ono,,.o*owwuaeopni,i addition a ,oµµ
,




.im//taaidintiihnII i: : :ian:. nff
µ µ
If
.


,
" t '""
Nucleophilic On
naBHy +
④ Distillation HI, I,


I'
'

1%1 mran.mu.
oh,
ICHI Kiko , this 04
µ If p I / @
+
+
Iffy kilrzo , this 04
✓
✓


Polyester Aldehyde ketone it "




÷÷÷i÷÷÷÷
iii. man," .
.

"




:*:* . ".
÷:
2x CO0H groups dicnromate fo, ]
ethanol , +

ZX0H groups Kzlrz 0,14504

✓ L




carboxylic acid
'
board Into"n%
⑥
"

carboxylate ,


salts Imm¥a%×idt
it +0 tainan etnanoicacid
% % violent reaction


ACYI chloride


¥¥÷¥I¥¥±%det¥¥I
^ ⇐ -




carbonate primary amine

\
' +
c- c ,
-


←
'
O
-


Nat
,
Acid hydrolysis




/
tion
iumetnanoate ne + ammonia



secondary amide
""


i
meat


"
ii. K
,
'




primary amide
"



,
"
N methyl ethanamide
O CHZCH , it
-


go
-




Alkaline hydrolysis ( saponification) H C c
ethylpwpanoate
- -



+ OH can
-



' '

H NH ,
heat under reflux
ethan amide




MECHANISMS
1- mechanism
for electrophilic addition for an athene 't
hydrogen halide
2- mechanism
for electrophilic addition for an alkene + halogen 6- Mechanism of nucleophilic addition -
elimination

3- mechanism for nucleophilic substitution
for hydrolysis otahaloalkane Using NQ0H
4- mechanism addition to carbonyl compounds
for nucleophilic ,
↳
tNaBH4 /-
benzene 1
electrophilic
substitution
-




capbonyt.nu/eophiIi additi#
↳ haloalkane -_
nucleophilic substitution
+
NACNIHT

5- mechanism alkene -_
electrophilic addition
for free radical substitution - initiation , propagation '- termination

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