A comprehensive summary of the 'Oxford AQA History for A Level: The Tudors: England ' textbook, from Edward VI's () reign onwards. Condensed into bullet points and broken down into different factors, (such as political context, problems of succession, foreign policy, religious policy, etc), this gu...
9 years old
Edward Seymour – DofSomerset = inherited
Country divided religiously
Crown finances ruined
Coinage debased and inflation
Sold off monastic lands at discount
Regency council = balanced – promptly delegated power
Fearful for good order = 1547 = Cranmer’s homily on obedience to be read in parishes
DUKE OF SOMERSET:
Counted on support from Cranmer and Paget
Rewarded himself and supporters = substantial grants
Governed w/ members of own household
Control privy = appointments = resentment
Widespread fears of breakdown = no guarantee of support
Arrogant/dictatorial = enemies = weaken
Factional rivalries = Brother = Thomas Seymour = turn E against brother = treason
Policy failings = Scot
Badly handled rebellion = 1549 = EofWarwick opp
DOWNFALL:
1549 = Warwick and Southampton + 2 nobles = decided get rid
Princess Mary = not want involvement
Stand-off = London = Somerset and E retreat to Windsor
Promised no treason = surrendered
DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND:
, Anx. Avoid excessive concentration of power
No attempt re-establish protectorate = Lord pres of council
Many key supp = conservatives
Second coup = directed at conservatives = feared ejected
Purging Southampton/ Arundel + Cranmer + prot king = determined religious
Promoted to DofN
Seen as ruthless by historians = no more than others = solved many problems
Paget = set of guidelines for more effective privy = operate through = some instituted
Cecil = key admin
Somerset = attempt counter coup = readmit to council = outwitted = executed = less
councilliar
Enemies removed = Paget = rule like Somerset
PROBLEMS OF SUCCESSION:
Restores stability but attempted to alter
Will = H8 = Princess Mary
Feb 1553 = dying = Mary = Catholicism = danger
Devyse = alter = E anx. Too = prepared to exclude both half sisters = illegit
Lady Jane Grey = son’s wife
June 1553 = Mary/Eliz = declared illegit = died before parliament sanction = illegal
3 days to carry out plan and proclaim
FOREIGN POLICY:
1547 = Inherited ruinous
Aim = reassert ancient claim to Scot = agg. = marriage = unite
Force into submission
Sep 1547 = BofPinkie = won
Forts = difficult and expensive and underestimate French+Scot
French relieve Edinburgh and Mary
Aug 1548 = Mary French heir
Unaffordable strategy + fail aim
1549 = threat of war – French invasion = most vuln = rebellions = increase resentment
o Northumberland = reduced foreign policy expenditure = stabilise
o Ended wars
o Return Boulogne = humiliating but immediate improvement in finance = constant drain
o £133,333 to recover port
o Abandon garrisons = outweighed
RELIGION UNDER SOMERSET:
, Protestantism = welcomed radical (Hooper) into household
1549 = moderate book of common prayers = Cranmer = cautious
Avoid tension
Key objectives = establish single from for services and translate into English
Radical in some areas = reluctance of public opinion to embrace
Sustained attack on religious practise
Feb 1547 = Denunciation of images in London
July = Injunctions = attack pop cath features
Dec = Dissolution of chantries/guilds = money
May 1549 = Book of common prayer = uniform approach = more moderate
SOCIAL IMPACT:
Highly signif = exp. Attacked = injunctions especially
Plundering of resources = destroyed connecting with dead
Confiscate money/prop = underpinnings of charitable activities, etc
Widespread fear = start of systematic asset stripping
RELIGION UNDER NORTHUMBERLAND:
Two-fold strategy = continue reform + plunder more wealth
More radical approach
Cranmer move to more radical = 1552 book of common prayer
More radical senior clergy (Ridley/Hooper) = more influence
Continental reformers moved to Eng
Edward = more influence on policy = head of church role
1553 = Cranmer = 42 articles = firmly prot
Extracted wealth = prop of bishoprics
SOCIAL IMPACT:
Expenditure on church goods declined after 1540
Little point leaving money if confiscated
Wills = less likely leave money to parish
Crisis in religion at parish level = ev. Of decline in attendance/ candidates for priests
1550 = Hooper = reform pace hampered by public opinion
Sold/hid treasures so couldn’t confiscate
1553 = Church plates = climate of disobedience
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