Unit 8 talks about the physiology of the human body systems. The body has a total of 13 systems which all work together to maintain and regulate, 'homeostasis'. This Unit consists of three assignments A (Musculoskeletal system), B (Lymphatic system), and C (Digestive System) Overall, I received a d...
B.P3 DESCRIBE THE GROSS ANATOMY AND FUNCTION OF THE ORGANS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. HAJRA
THE LYMPHATIC
UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF DISORDER ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND THE ASSOCIATED CORRECTI
SYSTEM
The lymphatic system is made from tiny thin tubes that run through the body and transport lymphatic fluid. It contains other structure and organs such as organs that contain specialised lympha
the body are large lymphocytes and around the periphery are smaller lymphocytes. These are found in special areas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as tonsils, Peyer’s patches in the ileum w
defective cells. This is the foundation of the human system.
INTERSITITAL FLUID: is lymph fluid found between cells inside tissues, also knowns as tissue fluid. It originates from plasma that has been taken out of the blood capillaries at the arterial end. Oxygen
dioxide alongside other excess substance and proteins pass into the tissue fluid from the cells. Excess tissue fluid that has leaked out of blood capillaries passes into lymph capillaries. Protein molecul
holes larger than the blood capillary wall. They get carried away because they would exert osmotic effects and prevent the removal of tissue fluid, leading to swelling (oedema). When lymph fluid drain
SPLEEN: it is the largest organ in the lymphatic system and is the size of a human fist. It is located on the left LYMPH VESSELS: are all over the body except the CNS, bone, teeth, and cartilage. Th
side of your abdomen below the rib cage, in between the stomach and diaphragm. Around it is a capsule of are lined by endothelial cells and have a thin layer of smooth muscles and the oute
dense connective tissue and some smooth muscle fibers and a red pulp which are spaces filled with blood, push the fluid , they are similar to blood vessels. Lymph is pushed to the subclavia
covered within a membrane, like peritoneum. There are also blood vessels, splenic artery this provides the the valves prevent backwards flow of lymph fluid. When the pressure inside a lym
spleen with blood, this also contains lymphatic vessels which transport lymph away through the nodes. and valve into the next lymphangion, while the valve then closes. Capillaries join to form
splenic vein, taking blood to and from the spleen. In the spleen lymphocytes can divide by mitosis to mount an they join to form ducts. The two main ducts are known as the thoracic duct and the
immune response, they do this by working alongside other White Blood Cells called macrophages to destroy the neck region.
pathogens, defective Red Blood Cells and platelets present in blood.
which helps maintain the hydrostatic blood pressure; blood pressure generated by the fl
An important function of the spleen is to cleanse the blood. It:
It takes old and defective blood cells and platelets from the blood and breaks them down.
Removes unknown bacteria, viruses and toxins from the blood.
Stores products such as iron from defective red blood cells for later reuse or releases them to the
blood to be taken to the liver or bone marrow for reuse and to make hemoglobin.
Stores blood platelet.
In the fetus and in adults with bone marrow disease, new erythrocytes are made in the spleen.
TH
ab
bo
LYMPH NODE: lymph node is a small knot of tissue also known as lymph glands which are joined
40
along the vessels. They are there to filter out the lymphatic fluid. They are located around the w
major arteries:
m
in your neck (cervical node), armpits (axillary nodes) and groin (inguinal nodes) ly
subclavian lymph node (under the clavicle)
se
at the back of your knee (popliteal nodes) T
above your elbow on the inner side of the upper arm (supratrochlear nodes) where
an
arteries run close to the body surface. Cy
Near the oesophagus and airways in the “throat region” there are tonsils and adenoids which
re
are used for filtering infecting organisms out of food and inhaled air. Bacteria, cancer cells and TONSILS: ly
other unknown particles are filtered out and ingested by macrophages, as the fluid leaves the
au
nodes it takes along lymphocytes and some antibodies. The nodes contain White Blood Cells 1. PALATINE T
H
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