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Summary 4.3 Alcohols and Phenols
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Summary booklet on the content needed for 4.3 WJEC A level Chemistry. Useful for learning the content and creating flashcards. Includes - Formation of alcohols - Oxidation - Reduction - Dehydration - Esterification - Halogenation - Phenol - Phenol acidity - Phenol reactions - Tests for ...

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  • April 5, 2023
  • 11
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

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4.3 Alcohols and Phenols


Primary 10 – OH bonded to a carbon that is bonded to only one other carbon

Secondary 20 – OH bonded to a carbon that is bonded to two other carbons

Tertiary 30 – OH bonded to three other carbons



Formation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols

Method 1 – Nucleophilic Substitution of a Halogenoalkane

Reagents and Conditions:
• Halogenoalkane
• NaOH (aq)
• Reflux
• Separating funnel separates
organic and inorganic products




Overall equation: CH3CH2Cl + NaOH CH3CH2OH + NaCl



Elimination would occur if ethanolic NaOH was used




Overall equation: CH3CH(Cl)CH3 CH3CHCH2 + HCl

, Method 2 – Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds

Reagents and Conditions:
• Aldehyde, Ketone or Carboxylic acid (C=O)
• NaBH4 (aq) for Aldehydes and Ketones
• LiAlH4 in ethoxyethane solvent for Carboxylic acids
(more powerful but flammable and difficult to remove)
• Acid to remove reducing agent by forming two layers –
separating funnel


Aldehyde 10 alcohol




Overall equation: CH3CH2CHO + 2[H] CH3CH2CH2OH



Carboxylic acid 10 alcohol




Overall equation: CH3CH2COOH + 4[H] CH3CH2CH2OH + H2O



Ketone 20 alcohol




Overall equation: CH3COCH3 + 2[H] CH3CH(OH)CH3

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