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Distinction criteria for Unit 21 AB: Medical Physics Application btec
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exists, an x-ray may be a viable nurse their kids for 24 to 48 hours afteralternate imaging option. receiving the contrast material.
However, studies demonstrate that the
Children are more sensitive to quantity of contrast absorbed by the
ionising radiation and have a newborn during breastfeeding is
longer life expectancy than adults, exceedingly minimal, according to the
putting them at a higher relative most recent American College of
risk of cancer. Parents should Radiology (ACR) Manual on Contrast
inquire if their machine settings Media. Serious allergic reactions to
have been changed for children by iodine-containing contrast materials
the technologist or doctor. are exceedingly rare, and radiology
departments are well-equipped to
handle them. Because children are
particularly vulnerable to radiation, a
CT scan should only be done if it is
absolutely necessary to make a
diagnosis. They should only receive CT
scans if absolutely required. Children's
CT scans should always be performed
using a low-dose approach.
There is no conclusive evidence that radiation at small amounts delivered by a CT scan causes cancer.
Large population studies have shown a slight increase in cancer from much larger amounts of radiation,
such as from radiation therapy. Thus, there is always concern that this risk may also apply to the lower
amounts of radiation delivered by a CT exam. When a CT scan is recommended by your doctor, the
expected benefit of this test outweighs the potential risk from radiation. You are encouraged to discuss
the risks versus the benefits of your CT scan with your doctor or radiologist, and to explore whether
alternative imaging tests may be available to diagnose your condition.
D1
Justification for the use of X-rays in the treatment of pulmonary edoema. X-rays may be used to
identify a variety of medical disorders, including chest X-rays, which are frequently used to
diagnose lung illnesses including pneumonia, lung cancer, and pulmonary edoema, among others.
A chest X-ray will allow clinicians to see indications of fluid in the alveolar walls, Kerley B lines,
increased blood flow to the superior portions of the lung, and symptoms of pleural effusions in
patients with pulmonary edoema (an unusual amount of fluid around the lung). The method of
getting a chest X-ray for a probable diagnosis of pulmonary edoema is noninvasive, rapid, and
painless for patients, making this approach accessible to nearly all sorts of patients, young and old.
The X-rays will also provide good photos of the indicators that accompany pulmonary edoema,
allowing doctors to evaluate the success of the disease's therapy to assess if it is working or if a
different treatment plan is required. However, because X-rays release ionising radiation, the
patient is more likely to acquire cancer later in life as a result of the exposure, especially if X-ray
screenings are performed regularly. To decrease the quantity and frequency of radiation exposure,
X-rays should not be used too frequently, and lung screening should be done as infrequently as
possible at acceptable intervals. Pregnant women should also take special precautions since x-ray
radiation might damage the baby. To reduce the danger, it may even be recommended that
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BTEC Assignment Brief v1.0
BTEC Internal Assessment QDAM January 2015
, pregnant women wait until after the birth to have an X-ray. Although, in general, X-ray exposure
provides a lower health risk than failing to diagnose pulmonary edoema, which can be deadly if
not diagnosed and thus treated properly, and failing to know how to design a specific treatment
plan based on the stage and kind of pulmonary edoema. As a result, it is more helpful and in the
best interests of the patient and doctor to utilise X-rays to diagnose pulmonary edoema and, as a
result, construct a treatment plan, rather than to avoid the modest hazards associated with minor
X-ray radiation exposure.
Multiple sclerosis is a condition in which the insulating coverings of nerve cells in the brain and
spinal cord are destroyed, impacting the person's physical and mental well-being and frequently
resulting in vision, mobility, and balance issues. Doctors can see if there is any damage or scarring
to the myelin sheath in the brain and/or spinal cord by utilising an MRI. The presence of lesions or
plaques in the scanned picture indicates demyelination, indicating a high likelihood of the
individual having MS. Individuals with MS symptoms such as movement difficulties, bodily
discomfort, and so on may have difficulty entering the MRI since, while it is not obtrusive, the
patient may have pain when laying down on the sliding board. Furthermore, in order to produce a
good image, the patient must remain motionless; otherwise, the image will be blurred, and those
who are in pain or have muscular spasms during the scanning may not be able to obtain a clean
image the first time. Younger children who squirm or worry, as well as those who are
claustrophobic, may diminish the odds of getting a clean MRI and may be sedated before the scan.
Furthermore, patients who are being scanned in an MRI for the identification of MS are usually
given the contact agent Gadolinium through an IV. This helps to emphasise any active plaques
present, which strongly imply MS, while also excluding any prior lesions that may have been
present in the past but are not connected with the current symptoms at the time of the study,
therefore ruling out MS if no active lesions/plaques are present. Although there are some
disadvantages to using Gadolinium, such as the fact that it is not suitable for everyone, such as
those with impaired kidney or liver function. They can also induce allergies and adverse effects
such as nausea, vomiting, rash, headache, and strange skin sensations, as well as parasthesisa in
certain people. Despite the fact that they are only transitory and small, they nonetheless
constitute a concern, especially to fragile individuals such as the elderly or those with complex
medical histories. Overall, however, the use of MRIs to diagnose and hence establish treatment
plans/monitor the course of MS is critical to both our healthcare system and individuals. Doctors
can utilise MRI scans to identify patients with MS and, over time, assess the success of certain
medications by analysing any small changes in the brain or spinal cord through monthly MRI
examinations.
X-rays MRI scans
Production Electromagnetic radiation The MRI scanner reacts with
having wavelengths ranging protons in the body to
from 0.01 to 10 nanometers is generate'signal.' Protons that are
known as X-rays. In the field of randomly oriented align with the
diagnostic radiology, X-rays intense magnetic field in the
have long been used to image scanner's bore. Protons are 'excited'
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BTEC Assignment Brief v1.0
BTEC Internal Assessment QDAM January 2015
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