Based on spec points that have yet to come up in previous a level geography edexcel exam papers. detailed essay plans with case studies. used as my main revision technique and proved very helpful.
a level coasts prediction questions. a level essay plans coasts.
COASTS
1: explain the causes of sea level change and the formation of resultant coastal landforms
(6/8)
Causes
Post glacial rebound
Ice sheet pushes up land so land further sinks down - when ice melts, due to natural climate
change, accelerated by human activity - fossil furl consumption - eustatic rise as sea level is
increasing
Human activity
Increasing temperature of sea to 0.33 degrees celsius in upper portions of the ocean since
1870
Thermal expansion - eustatic rise
When ice sheets melt - isostatic fall, relative rise in sea level due to a fall in land
Scotland land rising 1.5mm per year - submergent coastline, and south uk sinking
1mm per year - submergent coastline - sediment accretion, cause of isostatic fall -
built up in river mouths = natural compression of land = weighed down
Emergent coastlines - relative fall in sea level. Form as a result of isostatic recovery
Raised beaches, wave-cut platforms, coastal plains
Western scotland
Submergent coastlines - result of sea level rise
Melting sheets and thermal expansion.
Fjords, u shaped valley
Rias - deep sunken river valley drowned by sea
, 2: evaluate consequences of coastal recession and flooding for affected coastal
communities (20)
Intro - affects social, economic and environmental factors. Affects communities differently
depending on their level of development and economy
Social :
environmental agency estimates 800 properties lost by 2035
Social impacts of uk north sea 2013
2 deaths
Hundreds evacuated.
Loss of amenity value
Nature reserves lost in skegness
Loss of livelihoods as business affected in suffolk
Developing country - philippines
IPCC estimates a rise of 60cm, 1m by 2100.
Would affect 2.3 million
Alternative employment is hard to find in formal sector
Economic
Developed - australia
116k homes damaged in sea rose by 1m
$87 billion commercial property threatened
5 power stations damaged
Developing - philippines 1m rise $6 mil property damage
Lose 134m of beach - $95 tourism revenue lost per year
Fishing industry $168k per year lost
Much of threatened area in poor shanty towns (las pinas) with low value
Developing lack funds for coastal defences
Environmental
Austrailia - coral reefs forming the great barrier reef will die if they are unavailable to grow
fast enough to keep up with sea level rise
Loss in tourism income, affecting economy and livelihoods
Water supply limited, at risk from salt water incursion as groundwater abstraction increases
Conclusion - consequences more long term for less developed. Reliant incomes.
More possibility for more economic loss in more developed regions .
More vulnerable as lowlying - maldives + uk - so communities affected more severely.
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