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THE HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT ANDDEVELOPMENT OF OTTOMAN WORK
The founder of this kingdom was the Turks of the Oghuz tribe who inhabited
the Mongol region and the northern area of China. 6 Dama period of about 3
centuries, they moved to Turkestan then Persia and Iraq. They converted to
Islam around the 9th or 10th century AD, when they settled in Central Asia.
Under the pressure of Mongol attacks in the 13th century AD, they fled to the
west and sought mountainous ground among their brethren, the Saljuk Turks,
on the highlands of Asia Minor. There, under Ertugrul, they devoted
themselves to Sultan Alauddin II, the Seljuq sultan who was then at war with
the Byzantines. For their help, Sultan Alauddin II got the victory.
For this good service, sultan Alauddin II gifted him a piece of land in Asia Minor
bordering Byzantium. Since then they have continued to develop their new
territory and chose the city of Shuhud as their capital. Ertugrul died in 1289
A.D. Leadership was continued by his son, Uthman. Uthman ibn Ertugrul is
considered the founder of the Ottoman empire. Uthman ruled from 1290 to
1326. Like his father, Uthman Ertugrul devoted himself to Sultan Alauddin II in
the war against the Byzantines until he was able to occupy some Byzantine
territories. After a short period of victory over the Byzantines, the Mongol
invasion had ravaged the Seljuq army and Sultan Alauddin II was killed at the
hands of the Mongolians. This defeat had torn the Seljuq sultanate apart. At
that time, Uthman bin Ertugrul proclaimed the establishment of an Islamic
dynasty and announced itself as Padisyah Al-Uthman which means the Great
King of the Uthman Family until his dynasty was called the Ottoman dynasty in
699 H 1300 AD.
And he became the first ruler often called Uthman I. Step by step the territory
of the kingdom could be expanded. He invaded the Byzantine frontiers and
conquered the city of Broessa in 1317 AD, then in 1326 AD was made the
capital of the work. Its territory included Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, the Arab
countries of Western Asia and North Africa. With a narrow capital territory in
Central Anatolia and the former Seljuq region of Rum, Ottoman Turkey was
able to spread its wings to Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, West Asia, and North
Africa. This is due to strong political and military management that is neatly
organized and supported by established economic forces. Uthman's expansion
, was continued by Orkhan. During the reign of Sultan Orkhan 726-761 H 1326-
1359 AD, this Ottoman Turkish kingdom was able to conquer Azmir Smyrna in
1327 AD, Thawasyanli in 1330 AD, Uskandar in 1338 AD, Ankara in 1354 AD,
and Gallipoli in 1356 AD.
This area was part of the European continent that was first occupied by the
Ottoman Empire. Expansion into Europe was continued by Sultan Murad I,
Orkhan's successor who ruled in 761-189 AH 1359-1389 A.D. Besides that he
also established internal security. In his expansions he conquered Adrianople
which he later made the capital of the new kingdom, Macedonia, Sopia,
Salonia and all the northern part of Greece. Feeling anxious about the progress
and development of the Ottoman Turks whose expansion into Europe, made
the Pope inflame the spirit of war. A large number of European allied forces
were prepared to repel the Ottoman Turks. The army was led by Sijisman, king
of Hungary. However, at that time Sultan Bayazid I 1389-1403 AD succeeded
Sultan Murad I, could destroy the forces of the European Christian allies. This
event is a very glorious historical record for Muslims.
Factors affecting the advance of the Ottoman Turks
Political Aspect
Politically, the success of Turkish expansion was greatly influenced by the
dynastic vision of the Islamic futuhat expansion to carry out the liberation of
new territories. Likewise, the political power that existed in the charisma of the
Ottoman sultans was also very supportive. The Ottoman Sultan was not merely
caliph but as commander-in-chief of the military and al-fatih the Conqueror. It
is only natural, then, that the political ethics of power and military logic
dominate power over the ethics of science, aesthetic touches and philosophy.
Military Aspect (Defense)
In addition to the political aspect, it is also supported by the military aspect
because Ottoman Turkey is famous for its military strength. The Ottomans
managed the military well, with the formation of Ghazi's army of early
conquerors drawn from the Turks, a non-Turkish slave military force and a
provincial cavalry force strongly supported Isalm's material success in Turkey.
With neatly patterned management, the Ottoman expansion succeeded well in
developing da'wah and conquest of territorial areas.
Economic Aspect
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