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Edexcel A level and AS level geography tectonics KI1.1 summary notes £2.99
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  2.  
  3. PEARSON (PEARSON)
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  5. Geography 2016
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  7. Unit 1 - Dynamic Landscapes (9GEO01)

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Edexcel A level and AS level geography tectonics KI1.1 summary notes
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Summary notes for Edexcel A level and AS level geography tectonics topic, part of the Dynamic landscapes unit. Key idea 1.1- 'The global distribution of tectonic hazards can be explained by plate boundary and other tectonic processes.' Each key idea has been broken into sub-key ideas, with ex...

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  • June 22, 2023
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  • 2022/2023
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KI1.1: The global distribution of tectonic hazards can be explained by plate boundary and
other tectonic processes

a. The global distribution and causes of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis (1)

- The majority of tectonic activity occurs on the Pacific ring of fire (about 70% of all
earthquakes)
- They mainly occur at plate boundaries, but can occur as intra-plate earthquakes or
hotspot volcanoes
- The most powerful earthquakes are at convergent or conservative boundaries
- Volcanic eruptions only occur at convergent and divergent boundaries
- Convection currents cause the movement of plates, which causes tectonic activity
- Tsunamis can be caused by landslides, earthquakes or volcanoes

- The oceanic fracture zone (OFZ) - a belt of activity through the oceans along the mid-
ocean ridges, coming ashore in Africa, the Red Sea, the Dead Sea rift and California
- The continental fracture zone (CFZ) - a belt of activity following the mountain ranges
from Spain via the Alps, to the Middle East, the Himalayas to the East Indies and then
circumscribing the Pacific




Earthquake causes
- Earthquakes are caused by a sudden release of stored energy as 2 plates move past each
other
- Strain builds up over time between the plates, until it is suddenly released. This is ‘slip-
stick’ behaviour
- The energy radiates away from the focus

Tsunami causes

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