Summary
Summary attachment
notes on all of the AO1 and AO3 content in the attachment topic (AQA psychology)
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caregiverinfantinteractionsoooaqualityearlysociali nteractionsareassociatedwiththesuccessful development ofattachments
reciprocity
birthbabiesandtheirmothers spend a lotoftimeinintenseandhighlypleasurableinteraction
From reciprocityiswhen
eachpersonrespondstotheotherandelicitsa responsefrom
them sometimesc alledturntuning
alertp hases babiessignalthatthey'rereadyforaspellofinteraction motherstypicallypickuponandrespondaround213
ofthetimethisvariesduetoexternalfactorslikestress Fromaround3monthsthisinteractionbecomesmorefrequent
me
activeinvolve menttraditionalviewsofchildhoodhaveportrayedbabiesin a passiverolereceivingcarefromanadult
tunequite anactiverole Bothia re
Howeverbabiesaswellascaregiversactually giverandbabycaninitiateinteractionsandthey
taketurns Brazeltonetalslatsdescribedthisinteractionasadancew hereeachpartnerrespondstotheotherp erson'sm oves
interactionalsynchrony
thetemporalcoordination ofmicrolevels ocialbehaviour caregiverandbabyinteractbymirroringactionsandemotions
offandMoorenasalo bservedthebeginningsofinteractionalsynchrony anadultdisplayed to
synchronybeginsmeltz 3racial
expressionsor lots distinctivegestures Babiesresponsewasfilmedandlabelledbyindependentobservers Babiesexpressionand
thoseoftheadultsmorethanchancewould
gesturesweremorelikelytomirror predict
importanceforattachment Isabellaetal nasalobservedsomothersandbabiestogethera ndassessedthedegreeofsynchrony
alsoassessedqualityofattachment Foundthath ighlevelsofsynchronywereassociatedwithbetterq ualityattachment
bondbetweenaindividualsinwhichtheys eeeachothera sessentialfortheirown
Attachmentdefinedas aclosetwowayemotional
peopledisplaythefollowingbehaviours proximityseparationdistressand
security canrecogniseattachmentw hen
emotional
securebaseattachmentrieturntoattachmentfigure p layingi
while
FILMEDOBSERVATIONS othera ctivitythatmightd istract a babycanbecontrolled observations canberecordedand
analysedlater Morethanoneobservercanrecorddataandestablishinterraterreliability Babiesdon'tknowtheyve
beingobserved sotheirbehaviourdoesn'tchangein responsetoobservation Goodreliabilityandvalidity
DifficultyOBSERVINGBABIES hardtointerpretbabiesbehaviours Lackcoordinationandmuchoftheirb odiesare
almostimmobile movementsobservedarejustsmallmovement orsubtlechangesin expression Difficulttodetermine
whatistuningplacefromthebaby'sperspective
Developmental importance Feldman 20121pointsoutthati deaslikesynchronysimplygivenamestopatterns of
observable behaviours maynotbeusefulin understanding childdevelopment as itdoesnottellusthepurposeofbehaviours
ironypredictedgoodqualityattach
counterpoint Isabellaetal nasalfoundthatachievement ofinteractionalsyn men
PracticalvalueusEthics crotwelletalhoistfoundthattominuteparentc hildinteractiontherapy poiti improved
theirkidsBut research sociallysensitivebecause itcanbeargued
interactionals ynchrony in20lowincomemothersand is
thatwhenmothersreturntowork itmayriskdamagingtheirbaby'sdevelopment
, stagesof attachment
sinafterandEmerson119641proposeda identifiable stagesofattachment
I asocialstage firstfewweeksoflifeBehaviourtowardshumansandinanimateobjectsisfairlysimilar slightp refer
en
tohumans especiallyfamiliarp eople
2 indiscriminateattachment 2 tmonthsclearp referenceofbeingwithotherh umansratherthaninanimateobjectsrecognis
andprefercompanyoffamiliarpeople usuallyacceptcuddlescomfortfromanyone Donotshowseparationanxietyor
strangera nxiety
3 specificattainment tmonthssignsofattachment signsincludestrangeranxietyandseparationanxietyForma primary
attachmentfigure thepersonwhooffersthemosti nteraction themotherosi ofthetime
4 multipleattachments catofchildrenformsecondary attachmentswithinamonthofforming aprimaryattachment
Schaffera ndEmerson119641 involvedsobabies131boyszagirlsfromskilledworkingclassfamiliesfromGlasgow researcher
visitedbabiesand m onthfort hefirstyearandagainat 18months askedmothersquestionsaboutt hekindof
every
mothers
b abiessnowedin aeverydayseparations alsoassessedstrangeranxietyFormedadistincts tages
protesttheir
validity mostoftheobservationsweremadebyparentsduringnormala ctivitiesandreportedtotheresearchers
Goodexternal
If researcherspresentandrecordobservationsthismayhavedistractedthebabiesormadethemfeelmoreanxious
counterpoint motherswereunlikelytobeobjectiveobservers theymayhavebeenbiasedintermsofwhattheynoticed
andreported Behaviourmaynothavebeenaccuratelyrecorded
poorevidenceFortheasocialS TAGE youngbabieshavepoortoordinationandarefairlyimmobile madeit difficultform others
toobserveiftheirb abyfeltanxiety
Realworldapplication practicala pplicationindaycare Intheasocialandindiscriminateattachmentstagesdaycareislikely
tobestraightforwardasbabiescanbecomfortedbyanyadultstartingdaycarewithanunfamiliaradultmaybeproblematic
duringthespecificattachments tage
Generalisability
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