Summary
Summary memory
notes on all of the AO1 and AO3 content in the memory topic (AQA psychology)
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researchoncodingtheprocessofconvertinginformationbetweendifferentforms iscalledcoding Baddeley119661gavelistsofdifferent
wordsto t groupsto remember
Group 1 acousticallysimilar eg.catcab can
Group z acousticallydissimilareg
pitfew cow
Group 3 semantically similareg greatlargebig
Group t semanticallydissimilareg goodhuge not
participantsaskedtorecallwordsinthelorrectorderwhentheydidthisimmediately still theydidworsewithacoustical
similarwords After a cominuteinterval itml theydidworsewithsemanticallysimilarwords suggeststhatstmis
codedacousticallyandam is iodedsemantically
SEPARATEMEMORY STORES StmusingmostlyacousticcodingandLtmusingsemantichasstoodthetestoftime
Helpedwithourunderstanding ofthememorysystem whichledtothemultistoremodel
Artificialstimuli thelistofwordshadno personalm eaningtopps sofindingsmaynottellusaboutc odingineveryday
life findingshavelimitedapplication
research on capacity
Jacobs118871 theresearcherreadsoutfourdigitsandtheparticipantrecallstheseoutloudinorder Iftheygetitrightthe
theparticipantcannolongerrecalltheorderc orrectlythisindicates apersons
researcherreadsoutsdigitsandsoonuntil
digitspan Foundthatthemeanfordigitswasa 3items themeanforletterswas7.3
daypractice Henotedthingsthatcomein sevenseg daysoftheweekdeadlysins
Miller119561madeobservationsofevery
Hethoughtthat thedigitspanofstmwasabout712 Healsonotedthatpeoplecanrecallswordsaseasilyastheycan
recall s letters wedothisbychunking
AvalidSTUDY Jacobsstudyhasbeenreptilatedolderstudiesoftenlackedadequatecontrols HoweverJacobsfindings
havebeenionfirmedbybetterion
t rolledstudies
Notsomanychunks Millermayhaveoverestimatedstmcapacity cowanzool reviewedotherresearchand ionnuded
thatstirrapacityisonly 41
, researchonduration
sattestedatstudentsin 8trialseach
PetersonandPetersoncia oneachtrialt heyweregivena consonantsyllableeg yea
theywerealsogiven a 3digitn umber thestudentcountedbackwardsfromthenumberuntiltoldtostopthiswasdoneto
preventanymentalreversal oneachtrialtheyweretoldtostopaftervaryingtimeperiods 3 o a 18seconds after3
seconds averagerecallwasaboutsot andafterissecondsitwasabout it
Bannicketal 11975 studied392americansaged17 74 Highschoolyearbookswereobtained recallwastestedby
i photorecognition containingso photosfromyearbooks
2 freerecallwherepps recalledallnames
participantstestedwithin isyearsofgraduationwereabout aoi accurateinphoto recognition after48years recall
declinedto tot Freerecall botafterisyears sotafter48years
MEANINGLESS stimuliINSTMSTUDY Peterson
andPeterson's studynotcompletelyirrelevantb ecausewesometimesrememb
meaninglessmateriales phonenumbers Howeverrecallingconsonantsyllablesdoesn'tr eflecte verydaymemoryactivities
Lacusexternalvalidity
HiottE XTERNALVALIDITY Bannick'sstudyinvestigatedmeaningfulmemories whenctmstudieswereconductedwith
meaninglesspicturestoberemembered recallr ateswerelower
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