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Summary Alevel OCR Biology A notes on Exchange Surfaces
Alevel OCR Biology A notes on Exchange Surfaces from an A* Biology student. Plus diagrams.
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xchange surfacesE
-single called organisms =
4 SA:
vol, large SA= max absorption of nutrients, gases
bromer product
waste seretion, small hel
slow diffusion distance.
O2
-
->aerobic respiration, requires
need specialised gas exchange systems O2
=
supply ATP
=
required carry
to all biochemical processes for survival
O2 consumption
Crespirometer) t
=CO2 product of
I removal CO2 toxic waste aerobic
respiration, too much:
altered pH.
=
co2producing
-- amautd
metaboic rate: energy expended by organium a
in given time
↓
in
near Pan
inte -
basal metabolic rate (BMr) metaboic
=
(lower
rate atr e st
during movement)
4
-greater body mas= ↑ metabolic rate organism only requires energy for vital organs lungs, heart brains
↳ (4
BM5 per with of body mass is higher small
in crimal SA L=lose 4 hear be more
energy maintain body temps
=
to
(maintains cone gradient)
-
~> fish gills
differsance,
efficient ventilation mechanism in
exchange surfaces large SA, short, thin blood
atwe
supply,
good
sich
-
↓
roo har cell-rate d H2Ouptale by corrosis4alvedi wall are cell trich
-
awadi-and an tich, varge quantity inst, examine pinans remor in disariondisane are
-fish gills extensive
-
capillary network: extract of directly from H20 cepilleries
+
cour girls=
blood flow in app direction counter arrent
=
system (maintaine cons-gradery across capillary
-ventilation:m ass flow of gases in linge always higher
=
conco O2 awearthan
in blood.
in
-cartilage flexible, is tracheal
=
strong +
rings:support
ciliated cost-bacteria upwards away from unc
-
epithelium =
tracka ->brondi, cilia:sweep mucous,
-
goblet cells:in ciliated epithelium trachea,
in produce mucus:traps dust, bacteria +
other microorganisms:
destroyed by stomach acd.
-
square epithelium alveoli
=
lining gas exchange, forms structure of alvedor wa l -
very tim +
permeable for
easy
diffusion.
smooth brondt bronchines flow of lungs by dilating when
4
air needed
muscle: walls, regulates constricting
in air to +
nor under
concious,
control
when less air needed.
is
-elastic fibres all
-
ung tissues:
ung stretch recoil
+ ->
expiration:
p assive process
capillaries:a lveai my retur n of capillaries, 3-4 m diameter:
one RBC width= sufficient time
opportunity
+
for gas
awarea wasnowcanangerings,
image
exchange
Grece us about einen, gaben
spit as we are
dust+ bacteria, s nooth
wa l l : mucle+ clastic fibres.
-brondides -
nar row self supporting tubes within walk, no
cartilage, lived w/ ciliated epithelium, no
goblet all
↳ brondides-elastic libres muscle= ↑ change
larger smooth
+
art airway size to air low
↳ smallest broncides n o smooth
-
muscles, have elastic libres.
:
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