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Summary Alevel OCR Biology A notes on Classification and Evolution
Alevel OCR Biology A notes on Classification and Evolution from an A* biology student.
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Classification +Evolution
-
arrange species into groups based evolutionary origins relationships
+
on
-
No overlap between groups (taxas
biromial name
-
taxonomic ran=lingdom, phylum, class, favilly,
-
order, genus, species
domains=elharya,
-
bacteria, archaea, branded hydrocarbon chains
membrace lipick= banded glycerol by
to
procycles ether linkages
-
170s ribs cres
-Archaea extremophile =
procycles, no nucleus, lique lipids, no
peptidoglycan all
in walls, 70s riboares
Bacteria prohcryctic cells,
-
no rucleus, divide by binary fission, membrace lipids=ibranded hydrocarbon chairs banded to glycral
=
by ester linkages.
Euharya eukaryotic alls, rolli, membrane band organelles, divide by mitosis, reproduce sexually/asexually
-
=
-kingdoms =
Proncycha, Protoctista, Sngi, Plantae, Armala
↳
Prohcycta bactria+ blue-green bacteria, micellar,
=
all walk, cytoplasms, no
waleu/mitochondria, dide by binary fission.
↳
Proboctista euhaytic, =
single aled/group of similar cells, protozoa:t o all
wall/ algae:cellulose all wa l t
chloroplate
↳
Fungi=enhayetic, non-cellulose can walls with, no cilia, heterotrophs, reproduce via sports, vicelular, hyphae=
mycelium, spares
↳
Plantae mulicellular, enhaydic,
=
allulose all walls, large permanent vacuoles, chloroplash, save to flagella, autotrophs
Animalia muticellular, eulcydic,
=
small temporary vacules, no cell walk, save tu cilia, hereworrophs, reware system -
chemicals.
-Phylogeny eudutionary history of organism
=
↳
DNA, RNA +
protein sequencing determine order of
-
bases
DNA/MRNA amim
+
creide, compare extinct/similar species
↳more similar sequences: more closely related/separated into die species
more recently
↳
for ↑time to
accumulate mutations changes to MRMA
species separated longer DLA, arrimo area
= +
+
-DNA
analysis DNA extracted
=
from all nuclei, processed, analysed
+
base sequence obtained compared
+
organioms:determine
to
evolutionary relataslips
,
fossil evidence
Immunology
-
-
organism proting compared
-molecular evidence
Evolution theory of
-
=
evolution natural
+
selection
"Dan=more offspring produced than could swine, population locate but not significantly, population of same species
=
introspectic variation, inherit parental characteristics
-
Genetic variation variation
=
genotypes
in between / within a species
features
-
Pherotypic variation
variation: in
Interspecific Intrappectc- with in
-
between
-
species, species
genetic factors -
Discontinuous variation = distinct forms w/ no immediate types, qualitative offerences:d iscrete +
distinguishable
categories
-
Bar Graph
continuous quantitative differences prepolypes of indudrals a population for particular characteristics,
teniron---
variation: in
genes in
range of values between a extremes -
Histograph
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