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Summary Alevel OCR Biology A notes on Hormonal Communication
Alevel OCR Biology A notes on Hormonal Communication from an A* biology student.
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Hormonal Communication-endocrine system endocrine
-
glands produce hormones carried by blood
↳ Control auctions that don't need instant responses
↳
transmitinto from are area another
to ->
change after
-
of target organs
activity
1st
-
hormone
messenger: binds receptor
to on all suface membrace
-and messenger inside
-
all-ellect (light or
flights
-Advence gland stevoid
-
horrors aldosterone
=
(sall requestion H20 balance
+
blood)
in
=Conisal m erabdism of
(stras Commore= glucose, proteins fars)
+
=medulla:
a dvenaline prepare light
-
or light response
Pancreas endocrine
-
-
+
exocrine (duct)
↓
Produce pancreatic juice -> small intestine-aid food digestion
alpraceus"
inseans E -glecagal:insulin
betacel,
gut absoption
-
of glycogen stores
-Blood ->bloocktream -> hydrolysis
glucose concentration:
glucose
, non-cerbclydrates ->
gruese
=
x B cell receptors
=
+
↳ in
I blood
glucose insulint=↓ glucose use l iver muscle
in cell
=glucagon binds to
liver all surface receptors conformational
-
change = G protein =
adenylyl cyclase ATP
=
-> cAMP binds
=
protein
to linace A
enzymes phosphorylaxe
=
linase
enzymes activated due to added phosphate groups:glycogen phosphorylase enzymes =
cardyse breakdown of glycogen
-
glucose (glycogenolysis)
-advendline also binds to live all surface receptors:activates enzyme cascade
↳ 4
inblood
glucose molecules enter
=
calls via facilitated officion
=all kchannels B Y
respire glucose = ATP =
in cells close-change membrane
in =
voltage gated channels open Balls
cat =
-
insulin release
=
insulin capillaries
to
-> insulin sensitive
Insulin=Insulin target (glucose
-
cells -> muscle all, sat storage all, adipae tissue, liver alls transporter protein (
↳
-binds to membrane reception on target cells iptate of glucose via facilitated
distusion.
↳>
activation add cell surface membrace
stimulates more
glucose transporter proteins
-
to
↳
4 all permeability to
glucose-facilitated diffusion rate
=4 river uptake of glucose (glycogenesis)
↳
glucose enters liver e l -> glucose phephate
->
glycogen
-
Negative feedback reception detect blood glucose level, communicated via hormonal/neway -> effector
=
system
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