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Summary Carbon cycle notes for paper 2 £5.49
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  2.  
  3. PEARSON (PEARSON)
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  5. Geography 2016
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  7. Unit 3 - Physical Systems and Sustainability

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Summary Carbon cycle notes for paper 2
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Contains all the information required to achieve top grades at A-Level Packed with descriptions on fuel types and helpful grids to improve memorisation of the information. Biofuels, adaptation, mitigation, alternatives, renewables and unconventional fuel sources are all covered.

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  • July 12, 2023
  • 13
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

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The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security


Keywords in the carbon topic:

• Biogeochemical carbon cycle
• Outgassing
• Sequestration
• Carbon fixation
• Carbon cycle pumps
• Biological carbon pump
• Energy security
• Primary and secondary energy
o Primary – natural energy resources that are not yet converted into another form of
energy, including non-renewables such as fossil fuels and renewables
o Secondary – primary resources have been converted into electricity
• Primary and secondary biofuels
• Energy pathways – the route by which energy type is transferred from the production areas
to consumption areas by pipeline or shipping lane

, Respiration 50
Biosphere Atmosphere

Soils 1,500 Plants 560 560


Photosynthesis 103




Diffusion 92
decomposition
Vegetation to




Diffusion 90.3
soils

50




Lithosphere Surface ocean
100,000,000 + fossil 1,000
fuels 4,000

Deep ocean

38,000
Key

Short term store

Long term store

Flux PgC/year

Speed of the flux in years:

<1 Very fast

1-10 Fast

10-100 Slow

>100 Very slow


Stores and fluxes of the carbon cycle

Stores:

• Atmosphere – stored as carbon dioxide
• Biosphere – stored as organic molecules in living and dead plants and animals
o In the soil it is stored as organic matter from dead plant material and activity of
microorganisms – the decay process releases CO2 back into the atmosphere
• Oceans – stored as dissolved carbon dioxide and calcium carbonate in shells of marine life
which can fall to the sea fall and become marine sediments
o Much of the carbon is stored at depth, only 4% found in the upper/surface ocean
• Lithosphere – stored as fossil fuels and sedimentary rock such as limestone and chalk
o Lithosphere = largest carbon store

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