GLOBALISATION
costs and benefits for host qnd source countries for migration
define globalisation and typesGlobalisation involves the widening and deepening of
international connections, interdependence and flows (commodities,capital, information,
migrants and tourists)
rate of globalisation is increasing with developing countries becoming more involved in
global markets and political organisations (like ASEAN) whilst developed or emerging
countries becoming increasingly interdependent on one another.
Types:
- Social(cultural)- unifying and diversifying populations, people using increasingly similar
clothes, food, music etc many of which are western in origin. Westernisation. Increasing
migration and tourism . Lower transport costs due to tech
- Environmental- E.g Paris agreement between countries, COPs, global worming as a global
threat
- Economic- growth of TNCs, spread of investment, rapid growth in world trade
Online purchasing more common between countries (acceleration of globalisation
FDI- countries invest in each other
- Political- spreading ideology, global organisations e.g UN, dominance of Western
democracies in decision making.
IGOs like IMF WTO and world bank- harmonise economies and promote democracy
ideology .
Deregulation policies- markets can grow internationally
diaspora (social opportunity of globalisation)
Global hub cities and international migration
global shift qs an impact of globalisation (winners and losers and impacts on developed
countries)
KOF and KEARNEY
Megacities and their growth
Rapid development in ICT and global communications in 21st Century- lowest
communication costs and
, - contributes to time space compression
1. 5G data networks
》 mobile Internet connectivity
》fast download and upload speeds.
》available first in 2019 but was mostly expensive and limited areas offered it
》2020- 5G more affordable data plans, improves coverage so cab reach more people
impacts-
political
+ve- meetings for UN offers stable connection, important because of covid- can't travel
🔥
-ve- conspiracy theorists thinking the towers caused cancer or were used as spyware by
Chinese- burned down
social
+ve- more affordable so people can communicate more even on the go
economic
-ve - would require investmebt on large scales to see the real difference between 4G and
5G(most are still using 4G, but eventually could become outdated and replaced)
Environmental
-ve- to build towers, produces carbon emissions and can lead to deforestation to get the land
needed
2. Social media
》 allow creation or exchange of information, ideas, career interests etc via virtual
communities
》 largest social media networks include Instagram Facebook.
》 more than 3.8 bn people use social media
》 Asian countries lead in social media usage
》 acceleration of globalisation through increase in information flows
impacts
socioeconomic
POSITIVE
- small businesses currently growing on social media profiles
- provides awareness of what is happening around the world
- allows people to share culture and capital(can pay directly through social media-quicker)
- people can view products
- So businesses can make more money quicker (International reach too)the purchasing
process is simplified
NEGATIVE
- privacy concerns may mean people stop using certain social media (emg Facebook data
scandal)
- political- governments can block platform (e.g China and Facebook)
so reduces role if technology in globalisation, Not everyone connected
3.Developments in air travel
