Human Growth & Development Exam #1
(Ch 1-4) 502 questions with 100% correct
answers
Which of the following statements are consistent with the basic premises of Erikson's
psychosocial theory? Select all that apply: - answer - There is a turning point marked by
increased vulnerability & enhanced potential.
- There is a crisis that must be resolved.
Piaget's ______ stage, which lasts from birth to about 2 years of age, is the stage in which
infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating physical activities with
experiences such as seeing and hearing. - answer sensorimotor
Vygotsky maintained that development ______. - answer is inseparable from social & cultural
influences
One thing that the information-processing theory, Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, and Piaget's
developmental theory have in common is that they are all ______ theories. - answer cognitive
Which of the following is true of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
- it states that social interaction plays a large role
- it states that we organize our experiences & adapt to changes
- it consists of 4 stages
- it consists of 8 stages - answer - it states that we organize our experiences & adapt to changes
- it consists of 4 stages
,In Piaget's ______ stage of cognitive development, which lasts from about 2 to 7 years of age,
children are able to represent the world in their minds, but cannot yet mentally represent
actions. - answer preoperational
Both the behavioral and the social cognitive theories emphasize ______. - answer continuity in
development
According to ______, eight stages of development unfold as an individual goes through life, and
a unique developmental task confronts the individual at each stage. - answer Erikson
According to ______, the presence or absence of certain experiences is especially important
during specific time frames called critical periods. - answer ethologists
Which of the following are key characteristics of Vygotsky's theory? (Select all that apply.)
- culture
- internalized mental actions
- formal operations
- social interaction - answer - culture
- social interaction
Which theorist believed that development reflects the influence of five environmental systems?
- answer Bronfenbrenner
Which of the following are cognitive theories of development? (Select all that apply.)
- Piaget's developmental theory
- Erikson's psychosocial theory
- Information-processing theory
,- Vygotsky's sociocultural theory - answer - Piaget's developmental theory
- Erikson's psychosocial theory
- Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, a child's cognition is ______ different in
one stage compared with another. - answer qualitatively
Both the behavioral and the social cognitive theories of development assume that ______. -
answer develop does not occur in a stage-like fashion
The ______ theory states that behavior is tied to evolution, is strongly affected by biological
influence, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods. - answer ethological
Which of the following are components of Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory?
According to Bronfenbrenner, the environmental system in which the most direct interaction
with social agents takes place is the ______. - answer microsystem
, In Bronfenbrenner's theory, relations between contexts, such as whether an employer is
supportive of a college student's school obligations, is known as the ______. - answer
mesosystem
Aysha does not believe any one theory can account for all real-life phenomena. She would most
likely adopt a/an ______ approach to life-span development. - answer eclectic theoretical
orientation
In Dr. Crawford's research study, he and his colleagues spend time in a sixth-grade classroom
watching teacher-student interactions. The type of research that Dr. Crawford's team is doing is
most likely ______. - answer observational research
Shelby lives with his older sister and parents. He attends school in his community and relates to
friends in school and in his neighborhood. According to Bronfenbrenner's theory, this describes
his ______. - answer microsystem
A(n) ______ environment is a controlled setting for scientific observation, in which many of the
complex factors of the "real world" are absent. - answer laboratory
According to Bronfenbrenner, parents who are involved in their children's education and attend
parent-teacher conferences are engaged in which environmental system? - answer mesosystem
The perspective that does not rigidly believe in any one theoretical perspective but considers
multiple theories and selects the best features from each is known as ______ theoretical
orientation. - answer eclectic
Observing behavior in a real-world situation is a research method called ______ observation. -
answer naturalistic
Dr. Ramirez has decided to send out 3,000 questionnaires asking people to self-report on their
television-viewing habits. What type of research is this? - answer survey research
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