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Summary Approaches in psychology

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Approaches in psychology (24 marks): Origins of psychology: Wundt, introspection and the emergence of psychology as a science. Learning approaches: the behaviourist approach, Including classical conditioning and Pavlov's research, operant conditioning. types of reinforcement and Skinner's resear...

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  • Chapter 4
  • November 2, 2023
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  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
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ireneosti
key approches in psycholog
besi ideas

very scientific
-





human : animals




⑤Se UCS
-



-NS
-
-




UCR
UCR




-
was
phisiologist-
become most important !!
=û >
Pavalor was
studying dogs'
to
SALIVA and he
noticed they started
that produce salva
- -

before getting the food He .
found it interest
-




me so he deaded to
ring a bell dwung
-the process - they salveted every time


rongthebell seven whem there c e
ù
e



-honshmows
↓ food UCR

unconditioned




:
borse


N food

neutral
Stimelus

BELL I food CR

stioned SHMWS conditioned
response

, s
- is based on natural =




animal behavior so it



eveara" ne contro
-m o
human n
animals because :
I




of concustren


-
me with
generalisation
-


-



-


Little Albert didn't have animal phobla ,


afraid of loud nolses the
=>
but he was so




-
associated a rat with a loud noise


-

UCS
scared baby UCR ->



eUCS rat
+ NS - scaredbaby UR
-
>


Mat cs
scared baby CR ->


- I


--
>



⑮-


-e
injection ->
cry

-whit
I strt Cry e -


white Ishurt -
cry
-

-
no
sleep - tired
sleep- psychology
no tired -
e le
psychology - tired

-

--

, ↳la
-

notoring has
stimulus
generalisation If a stimulus chacterist close to the conditioned
:




samutus then the association
would also be mod e




stimulus descumination When the charcteristics of the conditioned stim
and obj become too different to be generalised
the stimulus generalisation will not occur



time
contiguity
: if the laps between presentation is too
grade then
there will be no association made




operorn conditionno
~
8
learning due to
consequences of action

on the
operating enveronment
·




anybenavour
effect la
e at
Law
Metanesa
·

of :




e e


repeated in the futore



SKINNER RESEARCH



behaviour -
consequence
-
lkehood of repetition

"behaviour re shaped and mantained by its consequences .




skinner put mats a box and them time
in
gave a reward every
they preved a bottom Do the learned that if they preved the bottom
they world
get a reward



strengths lmetations
·

objective real data ·


generalisakouing
can't be influenced



reinforcement -
stronger behavior
prnushment -
weaker behavior

, menforcement they ate likely
they get a positive so more

to replicate an exellent work

8 because there un't any sort of punishment
he will behave he has been
negatively because
3 reworded




·
>
-7 the
gave renforcment/porshmet as a
responce to

a behaviour to se how
ppl would react and it
they kept acting the same not
in
way or .




27

- enforementwawhen yo get teworgette che
M
a
behavior
a
,
whole
chance e
to avold
something had thanks to a behaviour




!
3) they could use ainforcement and purshment to
make the children understand what's
wrong and what's night

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