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CLEP Human Growth and Development Questions and Solutions latest Update (A+ GRADED)
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- Oxford University (OX)
CLEP Human Growth and Development Questions and Solutions latest Update (A+ GRADED)
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CLEP Human Growth and Developmentcharacteristics of autism - ANS unresponsiveness to others, oc behaviors, anger
outburst, social avoidance, regression in behavior/language (4x more prevalent in boys)
sensorimotor stage - ANS first of Piaget's. lasts from birth to acquisition of language.
cognitive devmt begins and children learn causality, object permanence towards end
preoperation stage - ANS second of Piaget's (age 2-7). begin to use words as mental
symbols and to form mental images. still limited in their ability to use logic to solve
problems. do not yet understand conservation.
concrete operations stage - ANS third of Piaget's (7-11). children learn conservation
and mathematical transformations.
formal operations stage - ANS fourth of Piaget's. characterized by the ability to perform
hypothetical reasoning and think abstractly.
sensitive period - ANS when children are most sensitive to the effects of stimuli.
different ages for different stimuli.
Harry Harlow - ANS psychologist who researched the relationship of body contact and
nourishment to attachment, using infant monkeys and artificial mothers
Moro reflex - ANS infant startle response to sudden, intense noise or movement. When
startled the newborn arches its back, throws back its head, and flings out its arms and
legs.
Lawrence Kohlberg - ANS defined the theory of 3 levels of moral development. there
are two stages within each level. to achieve advanced moral development, children
must be exposed to both sides of moral dilemmas
fast mapping - ANS the fact that children can map a word onto an underlying concept
after only a single exposure
, Susan Carey - ANS introduced the concept of fast mapping. calculated that children
between the ages of 1.5 and 6 learn an average of nine new words per day.
identity moratorium - ANS a period of time in the development of identity in which a
person delays making a decision about important issues but actively explores various
alternatives
zone of proximal development - ANS from Lev Vygotsky's theory. the difference
between what a child can do with help and what the child can do without any help or
guidance.
Lev Vygotsky - ANS 1896-1934; russian developmental psychologist who emphasized
the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of
zones of proximal development
embryo - ANS stage of development when organism is most vulnerable to teratogens.
proximodistal development - ANS the principle that development proceeds from the
center of the body outward
intermodal perception - ANS the understanding that a certain object or event can be
simultaneously perceived by more than one sensory system
vision - ANS sense that is least well-developed at birth
functional play - ANS play by infants and toddlers. activity that involves simple,
repetitive movements and no symbolic thinking required. eg. sand shoveling, splashing
water, pushing a toy
animistic reasoning - ANS characteristic of the thought of a preoperational child.
children in this stage tend to project human qualities into inanimate objects
exosystem - ANS In Bronfenbrenner's bioecological approach, settings not experienced
directly by individuals still influence their development (for example, effects of events at
a parent's workplace on children's development).
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