Summary
Summary reliability & validity of diagnoses
- Module
- Unit 5 - Clinical psychology
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
reliability & validity of diagnoses research support key words highlighted
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14Szymanski et al. (1995) : women mL diagnosis of disorganized subtypes of
schizophrenia and have delusions of persecution
M: negative symptoms
F: less irrational thinking but more affective symptoms (depression, hostility,
impulsivity, inappropriate bhv)
Peter Orszag, 2015: M express depressive feelings through drinking,
aggression + work = suicide
PERSONALITY
High N : mood swings, stress, anxiety
High E: outgoing, excitement = lL schizophrenia
Schizophrenia = neurotic (unstable) introvert
❖ Artefact / influence mental health
E.g. women more depressed / get diagnosed with depression
❖ Positivists (scientific status): more serotonin receptors in F brain
❖ Ethnic groups’ mental disorders for biological reasons
❖ Anti-positivist: society treats same people differently
E.g. abnormal + dysfunctional M bhv not viewed as mentally ill but yes
for F
RELIABILITY OF DIAGNOSES
Extent at which classification systems and clinicians agree on the same diagnosis for
the same patient
INTER-RATER: 1+ clinician gives same diagnosis to same patient
Checked with Cohen’s Kappa (correlational statistic): score for proportion of people
who get same diagnosis when assessed and reassessed by alternative practitioner
TEST-RETEST: clinician tests same patient x2+ = same diagnosis
, 15
Diagnosis complex: same symptoms occur across different disorders =
2 clinicians see same symptoms but assign their cause to different disorders
BECK (1954) Same set of symptoms Low inter-rater reliability
diagnosed as same
disorder in 50% of cases
WARD ET AL. (1962) Low agreement btw 2 Main reliability issue =
psychiatrists b/C diagnostic tool
- 5%: inconsistent
info from patient
- 32.5%:inconsistent
interpretation by
psychiatrist
- 62.5%:inadequacy
of classification tool
ROSENHAN (1973) DSM II reliable for Overall early research
diagnosing sz as all evidence for reliability of
pseudopatients saying they DSM is inconclusive
heard voices were
diagnosed with sz
GOLDSTEIN (1988): DSM III re-diagnosed 199 Problems in reliability btw
patients with sz originally DSM-II + DSM-III
diagnosed with DSM II
169 patients re-diagnosed
with sz
Goldstein picked random
sample of 8 patients re-
diagnosed with sz with
DSM III and asked 2
experts for re-diagnosis =
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