An in depth summary of A2 Cambridge International A level Geography, notes on human geography, regarding trade flows and patterns, TNCs, global trade, fairtrade and NGO oxfam
⑧⑥B§A☒D$⑥E Trade is the buying and selling of goods global interdepend
a
and services we want and need between countries
WHERE ARE GOODS SOLD :
- goods such as clothing, computers, Trade involves the exchange of goods or balance of trade :
drinks, food, toys and notebooks are made services in return for other goods or country’s important
by these companies services or money
- they sell these goods to people living in imports : goods an
countries in all seven continents of the
world exports : goods an
- they are sold on a global scale HOW DID TRADE BECOME GLOBAL :
the scale of trae has increased through time and trade surpluses : a
exchanges can now happen on a global scale
a process called GLOBALISATION - the development of communication, technology trade deficit : occu
has occurred and transport have enabled trade to be carried exceeds the value o
- this is the process of the worlds out on this scale
countries becoming more visible trade : invo
aged
connected as a result of and can actually be
international trade and cultural
exchange invisible trade : tra
- trade now happens on a larger tourism, businesses
scale (global) and at a faster pace
than ever before. This means that
we can sell and have more access
to larger range of products
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Dumping is an unfai
i
Al prices below their p
•
The EU and the US
- highly industrialised countries need lots of cheap raw materials and energy supplies them on developing
- they produce a wide variety of manufactured goods using these raw materials international prices
Millions of poor farm
- their populations can afford to eat foods or buy goods not produced in their own
against produce dum
country
- trade groupings, such as the EUROPEAN UNION, encourage trade within the trade
grouping, by making it easy to cross borders without paying customs duties
For poor developing countries, the situation is different. They tend to have : fornica
- little manufacturing industry and little money to develop it
- many of the population are poor farmers, including subsistence farmers MR
- there are no powerful trading groupings
- poor or non existent communications and infrastructure •
For a long time, ric
to open their marke
Monetary Fund (IM
Poor countries rely on only one or two raw materials such as Ecuador who grows in order to dump th
bananas. As the price of banana fall, the country’s income will be badly affected •
They are now utilis
eliminate all trade b
This then leads to borrowing and
BsEF•
*⇐E.E☒¥É ¥ i ☒*
increasing the debts of the country
- this then limits their ability to buy
imports
A EBBA
⑧ In order to protect the interests of
the levels of protection on intellec
countries suffer an extra cost of $
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