A complete document with all of the theory needed for A Level Geography for Edexcel for topic 5 " The Water Cycle and Water Insecurity". Key terms, players and futures are clear allowing easy links during essays. Essential graphs and diagrams are included to ensure you have everything you need to ...
Solar Energy – Energy from the sun heating up water causing evapotranspiration
Gravitational potential energy – The way that water accelerates under gravity transporting it to
rivers and the sea
Water budgets – Balances between inputs and outputs in any area
Positive water balance – Plentiful supply of water
Negative water balance – Not enough water
River regime – Annual variation in discharge or flow of a river
Catchment – The area if land drained by a river and its tributaries
Watershed – The highland which divides and separates water flowing to a different river, where
two drainage basins meet
Peculation – How water falls through rocks
Through flow – Lateral transfer of water down slope through soil through natural pipes
Throughfall – water travelling through vegetation
Baseflow - Water travelling in the layer between rock and soil
Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) -A belt of low pressure around the equator
Drought – An extended period of time with a deficient rainfall relative to the average for a region
Crop Moisture Index ( CMI) – measures short term drought on a weekly scale – useful for farmers
Desertification – Land degradation in arid regions
Tipping point – When a system changes from one state to another
Positive feedback loop – A sequence of events that amplifies or increases change
Resilience – Ability of a system to bounce back and survive
Wetlands – Areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water with static or flowing water
Ground water flooding – Flooding that occurs after the ground is saturated from prolonged heavy
rainfall
Surface water flooding – Flooding that occurs when intense rainfall has sufficient time to infiltrate
soil so flows overland
Flash flooding – A flood with an exceptionally short lag time
Water scarcity – An imbalance between water demand and supply
, Water stress – A country exceeding 10% of its renewable freshwater supply
Green revolution- Use of high yield varieties od crops along with the use of agrochemical and
irrigation to increase yields and increase food supply and sercuity
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