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OCR A-Level Russia - Topic 6 Summary
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A bullet-point summary of the OCR Russia textbook chapter 6, giving a basic knowledge of the fundamental concepts for the chapter. Got an A in A-Level history.
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Stalin’s Rise to Power 1924-1929Stalin’s Background
- ‘Stalin’ meaning ‘man of steel’ was one of the names he adopted while in hiding, his
real name being Josef
- He was exposed to revolutionary ideas in an Orthodox school, and was drawn into
the Social Democrat Party in 1899 after being expelled
- He earnt funds through bank raiding and train robberies, giving the money to the
Bolsheviks
- By 1912, he was a member of the Bolshevik Central Committee
- Stalin had angered Lenin when he insulted his wide and was offhand with Georgian
representatives, so Lenin wrote damningly about him in his testament
- After the revolution, his non-Russian background was invaluable, leading to his
appointment as the Commissar for Nationalities
- During the Civil War, his rivalry with Trotsky began
Stalin’s Position in 1924
- Stalin became heir to the Lenin legacy, the tradition of authority and leadership he
established during his lifetime. In the eyes of the communist party, Lenin became a
God – his actions were unchallengeable. Lenin became the measure of Soviet theory
and practice, and Soviet communism was known as Leninism. Stalin tried to assume
the mantle of Lenin and appear to carry on his work to legitimise his position as
leader
- The attack on factionalism referred to Lenin’s condemnation of divisions in the
party in 1921. It aimed to frustrate any attempts to criticise party policies or decisions,
making it difficult to mount any form of legitimate opposition in the CPSU. This
benefitted Stalin as it provided him with a ready weapon for resisting challenged to
his authority
- The Lenin enrolment was a change made in the Bolshevik party in 1923-1925 which
increased the number of proletariats in the ranks. Membership rose to 600,000 in
1925, which added to his powers of patronage and provided votes
- The Council of People’s Commissars and the Secretariat were the two main bodies
of the Bolshevik party. Stalin was appointed People’s Commissar for Nationalities in
1917 and was in charge of many stations – he was the liaison officer between the
Politburo and the Orgburo in 1919, and monitored the party’s policies. In 1919 he was
head of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate and in 1922 he was General
Secretary of the communist party. Stalin was the indispensable link in the chain of
commands and used his authority to put his supported in top positions and outvote
opposition
Power Struggles
- After Lenin’s death, the left communists wanted the NEP to be modified or
abandoned, while the right communists wanted it to continue
- The Politburo agreed to rule as a collective body, but grabs for power emerged –
Stalin was chief mourner at Lenin’s funeral, while Trotsky wasn’t present
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