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Summary Excretion - IGCSE Biology Complete Notes

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Summary study book Cambridge IGCSE Biology 3rd Edition of D. G. Mackean, Dave Hayward (Excretion) - ISBN: 9781471841439 (FULL Notes)

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  • Excretion
  • July 4, 2024
  • 3
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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excretion
·
excretion -
removal of toxic substances ,
waste products of metabolism processes and substances in excess of



requirements in the body -
defecation excretion


·
skin -
removes substances through sweat / containing water , urea and salts (


lungs removes CO2 & water vapour
removal of amine
groups
·
liver assimilation of amino acids /amino acids -
> proteins)

·
deamination (break down of the
nitrogen-containing parts of excess amino acids) to produce urea



·
urea is excreted in the form of urine/mineral salts and urea dissolved in H2O
breaks down alcohol to form acetaldehyde
·
alcohol dehydrogenase

breaks down acetalhyde to form acetate
·
aldehyde dehydrogenase




factors affecting vol . and conc . of urine-


·

temperature and exercise


·
not temperatures and exercise leads to increased dehydration :
higher conc . and lower vol.




me
·
water Intake

-



·

higher hydration : lower conc . and higher vol .




of the blood
kidney regulate water content
·




·
excrete urea and other waste materials


·
ureter -
carries vrine from the kidney to the bladder



·
bladder-sac that stores urine and allows urination to be controlled


·

sphincter muscle -
used to control exit of urine



-
-return-cust that transmits crine from the bloder to


·

nephrons functional unit of the Kidney

·
consists of renal corpuscle and renal tubules


·
renal corpuscle blood-filtering system of the Kidney (glomerulus and Bowman's capsule (
·
renal tubules
Conveys urine from the glomerull to the renal pelvis

·
water and salts are reabsorbed into the blood along the way


·
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) -

a hormone produced in the brain that makes the collecting duct more permeable to water




reactions that take place in the cells




larger molecules from smaller constituent parts
·
anabolic reaction -
Synthesizes


catabolic reactions breakdown of molecules for energy (liver
organic organ (
-

is an example
·

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