Study guide
A level Edexcel Geography - Coasts EQ3
- Module
- Unit 1 - Dynamic Landscapes
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
Detailed EQ3 Coasts notes, including detailed theory notes and case studies that link to specification throughout.
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By: mfclerk • 2 year ago
By: Student123454321 • 4 year ago
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Geography Consolidation 2.72B.7 - SEA LEVEL CHANGE INFLUENCES COASTS ON DIFFERENT TIMESCALES
a) Longer -term sea level changes result from a complex interplay of factors such as
eustatic ( ice forming/melting, thermal changes) and isostatic (post glacial adjustment,
subsidence, accretion) and tectonic
- Isostatic change = A local rise or fall in land level
- Eustatic change = Involves a rise or fall in water level caused by a change in the volume of
water. This is a global change, affecting all the worlds connected seas and oceans
- Marine regression= Former seabed of a coast is now exposed, forms an emergent coast
- Marine transgression = Ares of land flood, so the coastline is now drowned forms a
submergent coast
- Reasons for a fall in sea level -
- Eustatic Fall in Sea level- During glacial periods, ice sheets form on land leading to a
global fall in sea level
- Isostatic Fall in Sea level - Due to build up of ice on land which causes weight on the
earths crust causing it to sag. When the ice melts the plate rebounds
- Reasons for a rise in sea level -
- Eustatic Rise - Melting ice returns water back into the sea. Also global rise in
temperature leads to thermal expansion
- Isostatic Rise - Land sinks due to the deposition of sediment ( accretion) especially in
are deltas.
- Post Glacial Isostatic Adjustment - Uplift of land after the removal of the weight of ice sheets
- Tectonic Uplift of land
- Example= Turakirae Head, Wellington, New Zealand
- Ongoing tectonic activity - the pacific plate converges and subduct’s beneath the
continental Australian plate - at a rate of 40 mm which has caused uplifted and
tilted the surface
- Over time it has been lifted 8m above sea level with many relic cliffs
b) Sea level change has produced emergent coastlines ( raised beaches with fossil
cliffs )and submergent coastlines ( rias, fjords and dalmatian)
- Emergent coastline are formed when sea levels fall
- Raised beaches are formed which are old beaches which uses to be the coastline but they
are now stranded way above the coastline
- Fossil cliffs- Usually 10 metres high
- Example go an emergent coastline = Scotland in Fife
- Submergent coastlines are coastlines drowned by sea level rise
- They form Rias and Fjords :
- Rias= a drowned river valley in an un glaciated area caused by sea level rises flooding the
river valley, making it much wider.
- Fjord= drowned valleys
- How Rias and Fjords differ :
- Fjords is always U shaped as its glacially eroded
- Fjords are usually very deeper sometimes deeper than the sea
- Example - south coast of England and east coast of America
- Dalmatian islands were drowned by post-glacial sea level rise
c) Contemporary sea level change from global warming or tectonic activity is a risk to
some coastlines.
, - Sea levels are rising globally- mainly due to global warming
- The current rate of rise is 2mm per year
- Climate change effects sea level because of :
- Melting of ice which increasing the volume of seas
- Thermal expansion, as the water heats up, it expands and therefore having more volume
- Coastlines at risk due to GW or tectonic
- Turakirae Head- earthquakes have hugely lifted the land
- Isle de Jean Charles - GW
- Bangladesh deltas - GW
- Maldives - GW - Research more
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