This document contains detailed notes on Enquiry Question 1 of the Globalisation topic for the A Level Geography course. It includes all the information required to secure at top grade in this part of the course. These notes took me many hours to complete and are how I revised for my exams.
Globalisation
Enquiry Question 1: What are the causes of globalisation and
why has it accelerated in recent decades?
, 3.1 Globalisation is a long-standing process which has accelerated because of rapid
development in transport, communications and businesses.
Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as
a result of increased trade, improvements in transport and telecommunication technology,
the spread of TNC's and international migration. There are four strands of globalisation:
Economic Globalisation - through the growth of transnational corporations (TNC's)
and information and communications technology (ICT).
Social Globalisation - through the international immigration, global improvements in
education and healthcare and social interconnectivity.
Political Globalisation - through the growth of trading blocs, free trade agreements
and global organisation.
Cultural Globalisation - through 'successful' Western cultural traits dominating in
some territories, glocalisation and hybridisation and the acceleration of circulation of
ideas and information.
Factors That Have Encouraged Globalisation
Factor Explanation
Removal of trade barriers, eg: tariffs and quotas, therefore:
encourage more imports and exports (trade)
Free Trade encouraged economic globalisation
eg: European Union Trade Bloc - encourages companies to
locate in Europe (FDI) to avoid tariffs and quotas (Toyota)
WTO - promote free trade across the world, encouraging more
trade and the removal of trade barriers/tariffs, encouraging
economic globalisation.
International
IMF - (eg: Greece debt problems) loans given to a country but in
Organisations
return there's conditions attached, eg: open up to FDI by TNC's,
TNC's mean more wealth, jobs to get out of debt, encouraging
economic globalisation.
Spread by FDI (eg: Ford) or franchise (eg: McDonalds), which
TNC's exploit new markets and cheap labour, encouraging economic
and cultural globalisation.
Telephones, mobiles, internet, social media.
TNC's can spread but also keep in contact with HQ in other
parts of the world, encouraging economic globalisation.
Communication
Encourages migration, so people can keep in touch with
Technology
family abroad, encouraging social globalisation.
Music, TV, news are spread, encouraging cultural
globalisation.
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