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IGO NGO Summary
Summary of 10 pages for the course IGO's & INGO's - World Citizenry At Work at HHS (IGO NGO Summary)
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 10 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 10 pagina's
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud
FemkeBuitenhuisIGO and NGO Book Summary
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, Chapter 1: Pages 1/4
Introduction:
On a national level, politics usually involves a competition among individuals and groups to
either gain control of the government or to influence government officials.
At the global level where no world government exists, world politics involves different kinds of
actors competing to shape the values and determine the distribution of resources for the
international community, usually through the application of power and influence and building
consensus.
What is an international organization?
Traditionally, international organizations were conceived as formal institutions whose principal
members are states, states are important actors in world politics and often create IO's to help
address collective problems. Such IO's are referred to as intergovernmental organizations
(IGO's) because governments voluntarily join, contribute financing and make decisions within
the organization.
IGO's can be further categorized by rules of memberships, they may have universal
membership whereby all states may join, like the UN or have limited membership in that
participation is restricted by some objective criteria, like NATO or the Arab League.
IGO's are also categorized by their purpose, they can be multi or general purpose, the latter
consider a variety of issues that affect their members.
IGO's can also have narrow mandates and thus may focus on specific economic or social issues.
IGO's often have a special status under international law called international legal personality,
this means they have the capacity to act under international law. To attain legal personality the
IGO must be a permanent association of states that possesses some power that is distict from
that of its member states, this power being exercised at the international level. It enables them
to act in a manner that is similar to how states act. It is usually established through a
constitutive treaty, which is the charter of the the IGO. The legal personality of the UN was
established in the Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations case.
Nongovernmental organizations (NGO's) are essentially nonprofit, private organizations that
engage in a variety of international activities. They can be oriented towards a single issue or
have a multipurpose agenda.
NGO's may participate in international politics by for example providing information and giving
expert advice and they can directly and indirectly pressure states and IGO's.
Most NGO's receive some government funding, their activities are often autonomous.
Multinational corporations (MNC's) are for profit economic firms that have subsidiaries in
multiple countries and engage in transnational production activities, involving the movement
of goods and services worldwide.
MNC's command extensive resources whose assets can rival that of states.
MNC's have specific interests and preferences which they pursue in all kinds of politics, for
example global.
International organization also refers to the institutions, processes, norms, laws and regulations that
are part and parcel of global governance, which focuses on how state and non-state actors define
and address global problems in the absence of a world government.
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