Samenvatting
1.5 Problem 5 Tutorials and Literature Summary
- Vak
- 1.5 Changing Man
- Instelling
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
Summary of 1.5 Problem 5 Tutorials and Literature
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 5 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 5 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
1.5 Problem 55 Components of Language:
o Phonology- basic units of sounds that are used in a language and
the rules for combining these sounds
No 2 languages have same
Children learn native language phonologies
o Morphology- specify how words are formed from sounds
o Semantics- meanings expressed in words and sentences
Morphemes- smallest meaningful units of language
Free morphemes- can stand alone as words (eg. dog)
Bound morphemes- can’t stand alone bug change
meaning when attached to free morpheme (eg. -s=
dogs)
o Syntax- rules that specify how words are to be combined to form
meaningful phrases or sentences
must understand syntax to become proficient at
speaking/understanding
o Pragmatics- knowledge of how language might be used to
communicate effectively eg. speak differently for a child to
understand us
Sociolinguistic knowledge- culturally specified rules that
dictate how language should be used in particular social
contexts
o + interpretation and use of nonverbal signals
Theories of Language Development
1. Learning (Empiricist) Perspective- imitation and reinforcement
o Skinner- children learn to speak because reinforced for
correct speech, adults reinforce sounds that most
resemble words, then sentence production
o Bandura- Parents speak and children imitate the sounds
and eventually imitate parents words/word
use/sentences
+ language is communication between people so makes
sense if it has social interaction
+ absence of social environment there’s no speech
x doesn’t account for syntax (grammar isn’t reinforced
much)
x why do children make grammar mistakes and use child
speech if they are imitating adults?
2. Nativist Perspective- humans are biologically programmed to
acquire language
o Language is far too complex to be taught by parents or
discovered by trial-and-error
o Chomsky- humans equipped with language
acquisition device- inborn linguistic processor,
activated by verbal input, containing universal grammar
, o Slobin- have inborn language making capacity- set of
cognitive and perceptual abilities that are highly
specialised for language learning
o LMC/LAD enable children to process linguistic input,
infer phonological regularities, semantic relations, rules
of syntax
+ language is species specific
+ makes sense as language centres in the brain
+ discrimination in phonetics arises in 1st few days
+ children produce their “own language”
x wild boy couldn’t talk
x descriptive rather than explanative
x ignores environmental factors
3. Interactionist Perspective- combination of learning and nativist
o Language develops from combination of biological
maturation, cognitive development, and linguist
environment that’s influenced by child’s attempt to
communicate with companions
Innate- sophisticated brain that develops slowly & is predisposed to
develop similar, universal ideas at the same time/age:
12 months- understand symbolism/deferred imitation, first words
24 months- object permanence
Environment and Language Development
o Joint activity- infants participate in conversations, even with laugh or
babble: adult communicates with infant, creating supportive
learning environment
o Child-directed speech- parents and siblings tend to address infants
and toddlers with short, simple sentences
Often high pitched, and repeated, emphasising key
words
o Negative evidence- parents respond to ungrammatical speech in
ways subtly communicating that an errors been made
o Actively conversing- child must be actively involved in using
language to speak
Brain Areas and Language
Broca’s Area- language production, in the left hemisphere around
temporal/frontal area
Damage= impaired speech production
Wernicke’s Area- language comprehension/grammar, left hemisphere,
around the temporal/parietal area
Damage= impaired speech comprehension
Sensitive-Period Hypothesis
Humans are most proficient at learning language before they reach
puberty
6-12 months: already becoming more sensitive to mother’s language
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper lablyth. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €3,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 70055 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen