Samenvatting over de inhoud van de verschillende vormen van lobbyen, maar ook de verschillende vormen van voting mechanisms en voor welke instituties deze gelden.
Lobbying - external communication
Why is Lobbying called lobbying?
1. Lobbyists sought British MPs support for their causes by gathering in the lobby prior to
voting.
2. Matters presented to Ulysses Grant in his hotel lobby
Transparency register - every that talks to an official need to be registered (no secret meetings)
Code of conduct - any of the officials are not allowed to receive a gift, breach they would be banned.
Public affairs
- Covers the range of actions needed to develop relations with government, decision-makers and
policy-makers. Working together with other policy-making or influencing bodies
- To whom?
- Politicians, authorities and NGOs, consumer organisations, associations
- What?
- Legislative proposals and policy by government
- Influencing the political field, information between politics and business or public.
Actions designed to influence the actions of the institutions of the government/EU
(Negotiating).
- Lobbying +
- Account – long term
- How?
- Developing and maintaining positive relations with politicians, gain insight into and
influence over the political arena.
- Position papers
- Reputation/image
- Collective and non-collective
Public Affairs & Political Lobbying
- In-house lobbyists (specific company/organisation)
- Persons who are in a permanent employment relationship with the entities. They have built
relations and therefore can call a person.
- Side- effect; When the person quits these lobbyists take all their knowledge and network
with them.
- External consultants (clients from different companies or organisations)
Governmental relations
- The information is classified.
- To whom?
- political decision-makers, opinion leaders and the State executive
1
, - What?
- Influencing legislative activity at State institutions
- How?
- Discreet and direct contact.
- The long-term structural approach, before the actual legislative decision.
Lobbying (general)
- Interest representation for a company/organisation/client/industry on a
cause/policy/legislation
- To whom?
- Politicians and authorities
- What?
- Gaining definitive influence on specific political decisions.
- How?
- By profound planning and detailed knowledge of the political field
- Project-based, sometimes only short term
- Collective and non-collective
Public Relations
- Helping companies from a marketing perspective.
- To whom?
- Press Relations (press conferences, newspapers, social media and magazines)
- Different target audience (general public)
- What?
- Competition with other companies/organisations
- Representation to the general public
- How?
- Generating goodwill for a company and gaining awareness about its product or
service.
- Product and service publicity
- Reputation / image
Legitimate part of democracy
- Democratic systems of government need the aggregation, representation and establishment of
interests.
- Interest represented always individual
- Measure good or bad is determined by individual perspective
- What needs to be given priority? Example; By closing a factory due to their addition to
climate pollution. Does the priority stay at climate change or people losing their jobs? There
is a lobbyist for both sides.
2
, EU institutions (review)
Presidents
- European Commission: Ursula von der Leyen
- European Council: Charles Michel
- European Parliament: David Maria Sassoli
- Council of the European Union: Rotating presidency (every 6 months), currently Portugal.
From 1st of July Slovenia
European Commission - Article 17 TEU (Political guidance)
President: Ursula von der Leyen
- Proposed by the European Council, approved by EP (spitzenkandidaten procedure)
27 commissioners
- 1 from each member state
- Approved once by EP (hearings)
- No national interests → supernational
8 vice-president, incl. 3 executives
- First vice-president (who will be Executive Vice-President)
- High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security policy foreign
affairs → Josep Borrell
Secretariat General (translators, interpreters)
Cabinets (GRI + EXCO from November)
- Support commissioners with work
DG (33), Services (17), Agencies (6)
Normally 1st of November every 5 years the presidency changes, the last time it was on the 1st of
December. Next 2024.
Tasks (The driving force behind EU policy)
- Right of initiative (Initiating Union legislation)
- Administering and implementing EU legislation
- Guardian of the treaties (monitoring observance and proper application of EU law)
- Negotiator (with other world countries)
European Parliament - Article 14 TEU
President: David Sassoli → S&D Political group (socialists and democrats)
- Term of 2.5 years, 1x renewable
- Usually, the two biggest political groups take turns in the presidency (EPP-S&D)
705 MEPs - multiple functions (5-year term)
- Min seats 6 - Max seats 96
- Most seats - Germany(97)
- Least seats - Malta (7)
Political groups (7) + non attached
Parliamentary committee = 22 standing committees
- 3 temporary committees
- Sometimes temporary committees
- 3 special committees
44 delegations (represent the EU abroad)
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