Samenvatting management en informatiesystemen
Introduction
Information System (IS) definition
IS is the combination of people and information technology
(hardware, software and communication).
IS creates, collects, processes, stores, and distributes useful data &
information in an organization
IS=IT
Information Management (IM) definition
The management of IT + business processes + people, to obtain a
strategic objective
Objective: develop (better) information systems that support
realizing the strategic objectives
Trends in IT: Business applications
1. Mobile computing
Traditional PCs vs. Mobile
Implications:
– Increased collaboration
– Manage business in real time
– New ways to reach customers
– Different organization of work
– Different payment methods
2. Social media
Organizations use social media to encourage employee collaboration or to connect with their
customers
3. Internet of things
Devices have embedded computers and sensors, enabling connectivity over the Internet
Applications:
– Smart homes with intelligent appliances
, – Parking spaces
– Traffic control
4. Cloud computing
Web technologies enable the Internet as the platform for applications and data
Applications that used to be installed on individual computers are increasingly kept in the cloud
– Gmail, Google Docs, Google Calendar
– Parts of Business Information systems in the cloud
Trend: From local database to cloud database (e.g. MS Azure, Google cloud sql)
5. Big data / Business analytics
Value
Volume
Variety
Veracity
Velocity
This data can be used in different contexts and different forms.
DIKW model
6. E-commerce / e-business: ‘is commerce accelerated & enhanced by IT
E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the activity of electronically buying or selling of products on
online services or over the Internet.
,Different forms of Ecommerce
Ecommerce: online shop
E-commerce: web shops that start physical stores
Recommender systems: Systems that seek to predict the "rating" or "preference" that a user would
give to an item
Dynamic pricing: Flexible prices for products or services based on current market demands
7. Artificial intelligence
AI is concerned with two basic ideas [Turban, 2016]:
– studying the thought processes of humans
– representing & duplicating these processes via machines
“AI is behaviour by a machine that, if performed by a human being, would be called intelligent.”
[Minsky, 1975]
“AI is the study of how computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better.” [Rich and
Knight, 1991]
chat bots
– Program that attempts to simulate typed conversation, with the aim of at least temporarily
fooling a human into thinking they were talking to another person/expert
March of the machines
– EXPERTS warn that “the substitution of machinery for human labour” may “render the
population redundant”
8. Blockchain
shared digital database, used by a network of actors, to specify contracts or transactions
Fiddling with transactions is not possible, because everybody has a real-time copy of the database on
his/her computer
– All transactions are stored, so nobody can change items
– All actors in the network can check transactions
How a blockchain works
Blockchain application 1: cryptocurrency (BitCoin, Ripple, …)
bitcoin-blockchain, prevents that a bitcoin is spent twice: when you offer a bitcoin the receiving party
can check that you are the owner…
, Blockchain application 2: smart contracts
Automated contracts via blockchain
– Blockchain as trustmachine
– E.g. store property of a house on the blockchain
All transactions that require a third party to establish trust, could be registered (in principle) on a
blockchain – Could make transactions: cheaper, more efficient, safer, …
Applications: voting machines, registration of property, savings accounts, intellectual property,
crowdfunding platform, etc.
Introduction to Business Intelligence/Analytics
What is Data Management?
“managing data as a valuable resource”
What is Business Intelligence?
“Data-driven decision-making”
Transforming data into meaningful information/knowledge to support business decision-making
Data, information, knowledge
Data
– Items that are the most elementary descriptions of things, events, activities, and transactions
– Internal or external
– Structured or unstructured
Information
– Organized data that has meaning and value
Knowledge
– Processed data or information that is applicable to a business decision problem
