Samenvatting
1.2C Differences between People Summary Problem 4
This is a summary of the literature for problem 4 of the course Differences between People.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 15 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 15 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Verkoper
Volgen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Problem 41
1. How is IQ measured?
2. How can intelligence be defined?
3. What are the types of intelligence?
Defining intelligence
• Hard to define → cannot be directly observed
• Implicit theories of intelligence: theories based on non-expert’s beliefs
• Explicit theories of intelligence: theories proposed by researches
Does intelligence matter?
• Important role in diverse are of life
• Physical health
o Study shown positive correlation between IQ & decreased risk of death
o Influences health by enabling acquirement & growth of socioeconomic resources
§ Provide access to health resources
• Influences school performance
o Correlation of 0.56 between intelligence & education
Implicit Theories of Intelligence
• Incremental theory: people who think intelligence is malleable → increasement of grades over 2 years
• Entity theory: people who think intelligence is fixed → no grade change
• Cultural & cross-national differences in defining intelligence
o Societal norms influence perception
o Western cultures: problem-solving & gaining knowledge
o African cultures: social skills & mature reflection
• Estimation of IQ sometimes depend on heritability & gender difference
• Intelligence
o Street-smart or academic intelligence
Psychometric Approaches to Intelligence
• Psychometrics: measurement of psychological functions & processes
• Galton
o Interested in individual differences in physical & mental attributes
o Measured sensory limits by measuring ability to detect changes in weights, reaction time
• Cattell
o Coined term mental test
o Made contributions to measurements of individual differences
• Binet-Simon Scale of Intelligence:
o 30 tasks related to daily life & increasing in difficulty
o Introduced mental age: level of completed task indicated mental age
• Stanford-Binet scale (Terman)
o Standardized testing
§ Performance of each child was compared against performance of other children of
same age
• Intelligence Quotient IQ (Stern 1912)
, o Average score → 100
o Does not work well in adults
§ Cognitive development of adults does not increase at same rate as children
General intelligence g (Spearman)
• Factors analysis: statistical method → summarizes /reduces complexities of group of variables (e.g.
intellectual tasks)
• Highly intercorrelated task are grouped together & form factors (elements)
o Used it as method to examen interrelationships between intellectual tasks performance
• g → mental energy possessed by each person
• Underlying intercorrelated human behaviours is g
• Energy can be transported from one mental operation to another
• Positive manifold
o Person’s score on range of task tend to be intercorrelated
• Numerous specific abilities (s): can account for person’s performance in specific tasks
• Performance ins both determined by g & s
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test
• Used the same test items to test all individuals (all age groups)
o Items increase in difficulty
• Deviation IQ
• to acquire expected IQ score →test & obtain scores from large numbers of individuals
o scores form the norm & groups of individuals the normative sample
• average deviation IQ score → 100
• standard deviation → 15
• majority of normal population has IQ score between 85 & 115
Multifactor Theories of Intelligence
Primary mental abilities (Thurstone)
• first multifactor theory of intelligence
• seven important factors of intelligence (more important than g)
o Verbal comprehension
o Word Fluency
o Number
o Space
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper elenakuhn. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €3,48. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 67096 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen