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Samenvatting Moderne en Hedendaagse Tijd

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  • H9 tot h26
  • 13 november 2014
  • 150
  • 2013/2014
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Moderne en Hedendaagse Tijd
Hoofdstuk 9: The French Revolution (p. 363-410) 10

41. Social and Cultural Backgrounds (p.364) 10

The old Regime: Three estates 10

The Agrarian System of the Old Regime 10

Political culture and Public Opinion after 1770 11

42. The Revolution and the Reorganization of France (p.369) 11

The Financial Crisis 11

From Estates General to National Assembly 11

The Lower Classes in Action 12

The Initial Reforms of the National Assembly 12

Constitutional Changes 13

Economic and Cultural Policies 14

The Quarrel with the Church 14

43. The Revolution and Europe: The War and the "Second" Revolution (p.385) 15

The International Impact of the Revolution 15

The Coming of War, April, 1792 15

The "Second" Revolution: August 10, 1792 15

44. The Emergency Republic, 1792-1795: The Terror (p.389) 16

The National Convention 16

Background to the Terror 17

The Program of the Convention, 1793-1794: The Terror 17

The Thermidorian Reaction 19

45. The Constitutional Republic: The Directory, 1795-1799 (p.400) 19

The Weakness of the Directory 19

The Political crisis of 1797 19

The Coup d'état of 1799: Bonaparte 20

46. The Authoritarian Republic: The Consulate, 1799-1804 (p.406) 21

The Settlement with the Church, Other Reforms 22



Hoofdstuk 10: Napoleonic Europe (p. 411) 23

47. The Formation of the French Imperial System 23

The Collapse of the First and Second Coalitions 23

Peace Interim, 1802-1803 23

Formation of the Third Coalition in 1805 23

The Continental System and the War in Spain 24

The Austrain War of Liberation, 1809 24

Napoleon at his Peak, 1809-1811 24

48. The Grand Empire: Spread of the Revolution 24

The Organization of the Napoleonic Empire 24

Napoleon and the Spread of the Revolution 25

49. The Continental System: Britain and Europe 25

British Blockade and Napoleon's Continental System 26

The Failure of the Continental System 26

50. The National Movements and New Nationalist Cultures 26

The Resistance to Napoleon: Nationalism 26

The Movement of Thought in Napoleonic Germany 27

Reforms in Prussia 27


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51. The Overthrow of Napoleon: The Congress of Vienna
28

The Russian Campaign and the War of Liberation 28

The Restoration of the Bourbons 28

The Settlement before the Vienna Congress 29

The Congress of Vienna, 1814-1815 29

The Hundred Days and Their Aftermath 30



Hoodstuk 11: Industries, Ideas, and the structure for reform, 1815-1848 31

52. The Industrial Revolution in Britain 31

The Agricultural Revolution in Britain 31

Industrialism in Britain: incentives and inventions 31

Some Social Consequences of Industrialism in Britain 32

53. The Advent of the 'Isms' 33

Romanticism 33

Classical Liberalism 33

Radicalism, Republicanism, Socialism 33

Feminism 34

Nationalism: Western Europe 34

Nationalism: Eastern Europe 35

Other 'Isms' 35

54. The Leaking Dam and the Flood: Domestic 36

Reaction after 1815: France, Poland 36

Reaction after 1815: The German States, Britain 36

55. The Leaking Dam and the Flood: International 37

The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (Aken), 1818 37

Revolution in Southern Europe: The Congress of Troppeau, 1820 37

Spain and the Middle East: The Congress of Verona, 1822 37

Latin American Independence 37

The End of the Congress System 38

Russia: The Decemberist Revolt, 1825 38

56. Breakthrough of Liberalism in the West: Revolutions of 1830-1832 38

France, 1824-1830: The July Revolution, 1830 38

Revolutions of 1830: Belgium and Poland 39

Reform in Great-Britain 39

Britain after 1832 40

57. Triumph of the West European Bourgeoisie 41

The Frustration and Challenge of Labor 41

Socialism and Chartism 41



Hoodstuk 12: Revolutions and the Reimposition of Order, 1848-1870 (p. 501) 43

58. Paris: The Specter of Social Revolution in the West 43

The "February" Revolution in France 43

The "June Days" of 1848 43

The Emergence of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte 44

59. Vienna: The Nationalist Revolutions in General Europe and Italy 44

The Austrain Empire in 1848 44

The March Days 44

The Turning of the Tide after June 45

Victories of the Counterrevolution, June-December, 1848 45


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Final Outburst and Repression, 1849
46

60. Frankfurt and Berlin: The Question of a Liberal Germany 46

The German States 46

Berlin: Failure of the Revolution in Prussia 46

The Frankfurt Assembly 47

The Failure of the Frankfurt Assembly 47

61. The New European "Isms": Realism, Positivism, Marxism 48

Materialism, Realism, Positivism 48

Early Marxism 49

Sources and Content of Marxism 49

The Significance of Marxism: Its Strength and Weaknesses 50

62. Bonapartism: The Second French Empire, 1852-1870 50

Political Institutions of the Second Empire 50

Economic Developments under the Empire 51

Internal Difficulties and War 51



Hoofdstuk 13: The Consolidation of Large Nation-states, 1858-1871 (p.535)52

63. Backgrounds: The Idea of the Nation State 52

The Crimean War, 1854-1856 52

64. Cavour and the Italian War of 1859: The Unification of Italy 52

Italian Nationalism: The Program of Cavour 52

The Completian of Italian Unity 53

Persistant Problems after Unification 53

65. The Founding of a German Empire and the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hongary 53

The German States after 1848 53

Prussia in the 1860s: Bismarck 54

Bismarck's Wars: The Creation of the North-German Confderation, 1867 54

The Franco Prussian War 55

The German Empire, 1871 55

The Habsburg Empire after 1848 55

The Comprimise of 1867 55

66. Tsarist Russia: Social Change and the Limits of Political Reform 56

Tsarist Russia affter 1856 56

The Emancipation Act of 1861 and Other Reforms 56

Revolutionism in Russia 56

67. Nation-Building in the Wider Atlantic World: The United States and Canada 57

Immigration, Civil War, and National Consolidation in the United States 57

The Dominian of Canada: A New Model for Decolonization 58



Hoofdstuk 14: European Civilization, 1871-1914: Economy and Politics 59

68. The Modern "Civilized World" 59

Materialistic and Nonmaterialistic Ideals 59

The "Zones" of Civilization 59

69. Basic Demography: The Increase of Europe's population 59

European and World Population Growth since 1650 59

Stabilization of European population 59

Growth of Cities and Urban Life 60

Migration from Europe, 1850-1940 60

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