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PYC4813 Chapters 9-14 Multiple Choice Questions and Answers from the Prescribed Book

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PYC4813 - Cognitive NeuroScience

Instelling
University Of South Africa (Unisa)

Boek
Biological Psychology

PYC4813 Chapters 9-14 Multiple Choice Questions and Answers Taken from the prescribed book: Kalat, J.W. (2016). Biological psychology (12th ed.). London: Cengage Learning

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pyc4813

Titel boek:Biological Psychology

Auteur(s):James W. Kalat

Uitgave:2012
ISBN:9781133709732
Druk:Onbekend

Instelling
University of South Africa (Unisa)
Vak
PYC4813 - Cognitive NeuroScience

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PYC4813 –Cognitive Neuroscience Exam Preparation Summaries

Textbook Multiple Choice Questions and Answers from Chapters 9 - 14

Taken from the prescribed book: Kalat, J.W. (2016). Biological psychology
(12th ed.). London: Cengage Learning

Compiled by: PsychHonours Student

,Chapters:

Chapter 9: Temperature Regulation

Chapter 11: Emotional Behaviours

Chapter 12: The biology of learning and memory

Chapter 13: Cognitive functions

Chapter 14: Psychological disorders

,CHAPTER 9: TEMPERATURE REGULATION

1. What does negative feedback do?

a) It establishes a set point
b) It changes the set point
c) It eliminates the set point
d) It reduces discrepancies from a set point

2. How do poikilothermic (ectothermic) animals regulate their body temperature, if
at all?

a) They move to a location with a more favourable temperature
b) They use physiological mechanisms such as shivering and sweating
c) They increase their metabolic rate
d) They do not regulate their body temperature at all

3. What is the primary advantage of maintaining a constant high body temperature?

a) It saves us the energy from having to look for a comfortable temperature
b) It enables us to survive in warmer climates
c) It keeps the muscles ready for rapid, prolonged activity even in cold weather
d) Other things being equal, animals with a higher body temperature live longer
than those with a lower temperature

4. If we inserted a probe into the POA/AH and directly heated that area, what if
anything would happen?

a) The animal would shiver
b) The animal would sweat or pant
c) The animal would not react physiologically, but it would seek a cooler location
d) The animal would not react in any way that affects body temperature
5. When you have an infection, what causes the fever?

a) The infective agent directly stimulates the heart to beat faster
b) The infective agent directly stimulates the muscles to shiver
c) The immune system increases delivery of prostaglandins and histamine to the
POA/AH
d) The immune system decreases blood flow to the brain

6. Which of the following is the most correct description of a fever?

a) Fever is one way by which the body fights against bacteria
b) Fever is one way in which bacteria cause damage to the body
c) Fever is an indication that the POA/AH is not functioning properly
d) Fever occurs only in homeothermic animals

,1. If you lacked vasopressin, how would your drinking change, if at all?

a) Your drinking would not change
b) You would drink less
c) You would drink more

2. What would happen as a result of adding salt to the body’s extracellular fluids?

a) Increased osmotic thirst
b) Decreased osmotic thirst
c) Increased hypovolemic thirst
d) Decreased hypovolemic thirst

3. How does hypovolemic thirst differ from osmotic thirst?

a) Hypovolemic thirst is stronger
b) Osmotic thirst is stronger
c) Someone with hypovolemic thirst prefers slightly salty water
d) Someone with hypovolemic thirst prefers pure water

1. People differ in their likelihood of consuming milk products in adulthood because
of what type of genetic difference?

a) Genetic variants in taste buds
b) Genetic variants in neurotransmitters of the hypothalamus
c) Genetic variants in ability to metabolize lactose
d) Genetic variants in mechanisms of hypovolemic thirst

2. Which one of the following describes the relationship between taste and eating?

a) Taste ins sufficient to control eating
b) Taste is necessary for eating
c) Taste is both necessary and sufficient for eating
d) Taste is neither necessary nor sufficient for eating although it contributes

3. After surgical removal of someone’s stomach, what mechanism if any can
produce satiety?

a) Distension of the duodenum
b) Entry of nutrients into the muscles and organs
c) None. The person stops eating altogether
d) None. The person starts eating constantly

,4. When food distends the duodenum, the duodenum releases the hormone CCK.
By what peripheral (non-CNS) mechanism does it increase satiety?

a) CCK increases stomach contractions
b) CCK tightens the sphincter muscle between the stomach and the duodenum
c) CCK increases the ability of nutrients to enter cells
d) Cells in the hypothalamus release CCK as a neurotransmitter

5. Increased blood glucose causes increased release of ____, which ____ the
ability of glucose to enter the cells.

a) Insulin… increases
b) Insulin… decreases
c) Glucagon… increases
d) Glucagon…. Decreases

6. People with untreated type 1 diabetes have ____ levels of insulin, _____ levels
of blood glucose, and ____ levels of hunger.

a) High… high… high
b) Low… high… high
c) Low… low… high
d) Low… low… low
e) Low… high… low

7. Leptin is produced by the _____ cells. In most cases it tends to _____ appetite

a) Fat… decrease
b) Hypothalamic… decrease
c) Pancreas… increase
d) Intestinal… increase
8. Which is the only neuropeptide that increases hunger?

a) Ghrelin
b) Melanocortins
c) Leptin
d) Insulin

9. How do taste and ghrelin promote eating and arousal?

a) They increase excitation from the paraventricular nucleus to the arcuate nucleus,
an area that excites the lateral hypothalamus
b) They increase inhibition from the paraventricular nucleus to the arcuate nucleus,
an area that inhibits the lateral hypothalamus
c) They increase excitation from the arcuate nucleus to the paraventricular nucleus,
an area that excites the lateral hypothalamus

, d) They increase inhibition from the arcuate nucleus to the paraventricular nucleus,
an area that inhibits the lateral hypothalamus

10. If researchers could find a safe drug that stimulates melanocortins receptors,
what would be the probable benefit?

a) Improving memory
b) Helping people go to sleep
c) Combating anorexia nervosa
d) Helping people lose weight

11. The lateral hypothalamus facilitates feeding in several ways. Which of the
following is not one of them>

a) It alters taste sensations
b) It enhances responses to food in the cerebral cortex
c) It increases insulin secretion
d) It decreases digestive secretions

12. Damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus produces a steady increase in the
release of insulin. Which of the following is a consequence?

a) The animal decreases its appetite for carbohydrates
b) More of each meal is stored as fat
c) The animal eats fewer, but larger meals
d) Body temperature increases

13. What evidence suggests that high ghrelin levels lead to weight gain in Prader-
Willi syndrome?

a) People with this syndrome continue to have high ghrelin levels regardless of
whether they gain or lose weight
b) A mutated gene for melanocortins causes nearly 5 percent of cases of sever
obesity
c) Ghrelin stimulates hunger-related neurons in the arcuate nucleus
d) People with Prader-Willi syndrome have other problems in addition to weight gain

14. How has the prevalence of obesity changed since the availability of high-fructose
corn syrups and artificially sweetened diet beverages?

a) Each of them helped lower the prevalence of obesity
b) High-fructose corn syrup helped lower obesity rates, but diet drinks did not
c) Diet drinks helped lower obesity rates, but high-fructose corn syrup did not
d) The prevalence of obesity has increased after a availability of both of these

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