This is the comprehensive script of the course. It includes all lecture slides and my peronal notes, as well as article assignments and some information for some of the tutorials. This document is all you need to understand the course and pass the exam with a good grade. In case you want to stay up...
Environmental Management and Industry
ENP 20806
Wageningen University
Lectures and Tutorials
Lernzusammenfassung
Anneli Janzer
,Content
Lecture 1 – Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1
Environmental Regulation of Industry ........................................................................................................ 1
The emergence of environmental management, some worldwide highlights ........................................ 1
2.1 Dutch highlights........................................................................................................................................ 2
Key Concepts ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Why do companies engage in environmental management? .................................................................... 3
4.1 Why did companies engage in EM? (% Dutch Survey 1992) ............................................................ 3
4.2 Changing relation between government and industry (general trend) ............................................. 3
4.3 Firm motivations and corresponding initiatives according to Bansal&Roth (2000)...................... 4
General trends in environmental management ........................................................................................... 4
A 4-stage Model of Environmental Management ...................................................................................... 5
Article Assignment 1 – Corporate Social Responsibility ................................................................... 6
Highlights .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Questions .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Lecture 2 – Pollution Prevention ....................................................................................................... 8
Waste and emission prevention (or pollution prevention, P2)= ............................................................. 8
Pollution prevention hierarchy ...................................................................................................................... 8
Examples of environmental measures.......................................................................................................... 8
Assessment(s) of production process(es)...................................................................................................10
4.1 Example: Campina, a dairy industry Assessment ..............................................................................11
4.1.1 Process flow diagram ....................................................................................................................11
4.1.2 Collection of Data .........................................................................................................................11
4.1.3 Selecting activities and streams, generating options .................................................................11
4.1.1 Feasibility analysis ..........................................................................................................................11
Economic Evaluation: costs and benefits..................................................................................................12
5.1 Measuring profitability ...........................................................................................................................12
Motives for doing P2 projects .....................................................................................................................12
Tutorial 1 – The 4-Stage Model ....................................................................................................... 13
Policy statements.....................................................................................................................................................13
Lecture 3 – Environmental Management Systems ......................................................................... 14
Terms and Definitions ..................................................................................................................................14
Why develop an EMS?..................................................................................................................................14
2.1 Internal Motives ......................................................................................................................................14
2.2 External Motives .....................................................................................................................................14
2.2.1 Government perspective ..............................................................................................................14
2.2.2 Company perspective ....................................................................................................................14
Environmental Management Systems ........................................................................................................15
3.1 EMS according to ISO 14001 (and 14004).........................................................................................15
3.2 The system of certification for ISO 9001 or 14001 ..........................................................................16
3.3 ISO 14001 in debate ...............................................................................................................................16
3.4 ISO 26000 ................................................................................................................................................17
The Plan-Do-Check-Acts cycle and the EMS elements ..........................................................................17
A simple model of management: 3 levels of direction ............................................................................18
EMS development .........................................................................................................................................18
6.1 EMS development: top-down or bottom-up? ...................................................................................18
7 A typical Environmental Policy Statement ................................................................................................19
7.1 Example: metal works/oil seperator....................................................................................................19
7.2 A procedure and an instruction ............................................................................................................19
7.3 EMS implementation, the case of ABB ..............................................................................................20
8 (Dis)Advantages of implementing an EMS...............................................................................................21
Article Assignment 2 – Continual Improvement............................................................................. 22
Questions ........................................................................................................................................................22
,Tutorial 2 – Developing Environmental Indicators ........................................................................ 23
Tutorial Preparation ......................................................................................................................................23
1.1 Questions .................................................................................................................................................23
Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................................24
2.1 Environmental Indicators......................................................................................................................24
2.2 Kind of indicators ...................................................................................................................................24
2.3 Development of EPIs ............................................................................................................................25
2.4 Aims of EPIs ...........................................................................................................................................25
2.5 Using indicators for internal communication and learning..............................................................25
3 Assignment 1 ..................................................................................................................................................26
3.1 Reducing water for cleaning ..................................................................................................................26
3.2 Reducing noise complaints ....................................................................................................................27
3.3 Avoiding spills and broken bottles.......................................................................................................27
4 Assignment 2 ..................................................................................................................................................27
Lecture 4 – Social dynamics of Organizations (Organization theory) ............................................ 28
Mintzberg’s 5 Ps.............................................................................................................................................28
A 4-stage model of environmental strategies ............................................................................................28
1.2 Aspects of the model..............................................................................................................................28
1.3 The four-stage model for the development of environmental strategies ......................................28
1.3.1 Crucial to strategies: a common purpose or set of goals .........................................................29
Organizational theory....................................................................................................................................29
3.1 Models of co-ordination ........................................................................................................................29
3.2 Mintzberg’s model of organizations ....................................................................................................29
3.3 Mintzberg: entrepreneurial organization .............................................................................................30
3.4 Mintzberg: machine organization .........................................................................................................30
3.5 Mintzberg: professional organization ..................................................................................................30
Test questions.................................................................................................................................................31
Learning...........................................................................................................................................................31
5.1 Single and Double loop learning ..........................................................................................................31
5.2 Organizational learning ..........................................................................................................................32
5.2.1 Learning in organizations .............................................................................................................32
Learning organization -Peter Senge ............................................................................................................32
Lecture 5 – Corporate Social Responsibility ................................................................................... 35
Developing CSR strategies ...........................................................................................................................35
1.1 Strategic Implications .............................................................................................................................35
Evaluating CSR Strategies ............................................................................................................................36
2.1 Defensive vs pro-active CSR ................................................................................................................36
2.2 Stages of CSR ..........................................................................................................................................36
2.3 Advanced (ideal) CSR strategy? ............................................................................................................37
3 CSR; An institutional perspective ...............................................................................................................38
3.1 An institutional perspective ...................................................................................................................38
4 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................................38
Article Assignment 3 – Learning about Corporate Social Responsibility ....................................... 39
Highlights: .......................................................................................................................................................39
Questions ........................................................................................................................................................39
Tutorial 3 – Corporate Social Responsibility .................................................................................. 41
Tutorial Preparation ......................................................................................................................................41
Questions ........................................................................................................................................................41
Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................................41
Lecture 6 – Supply Chain Networks and Ecolabeling .................................................................... 43
Supply chains and Management ..................................................................................................................43
Supply chain networks and management...................................................................................................44
2.1 Food Supply Networks ..........................................................................................................................44
, 2.2 Supply chain mangement .......................................................................................................................44
Sustainable procurement ..............................................................................................................................44
Ecolabels .........................................................................................................................................................46
Transparency and Power ..............................................................................................................................47
Lecture 7 – Life Cycle (Sustainability) Assessment ........................................................................ 48
Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment ..........................................................................................................48
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ......................................................................................................................48
2.1 Phase 1: Goal and scope definition......................................................................................................49
2.2 Phase 2: Inventory Analysis ..................................................................................................................49
2.3 Phase 3: Impact Assessment .................................................................................................................50
2.4 Phase 4: Interpretation ...........................................................................................................................50
Critique ............................................................................................................................................................51
Social Life Cycle Assessment .......................................................................................................................51
Life cycle costing............................................................................................................................................53
Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis ................................................................................................................53
Tutorial 4 - Supply Chain Management, Eco-labelling and LCA, Organic food ........................... 55
Tutorial Preparation ......................................................................................................................................55
Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................................57
Table, Groupwork results.............................................................................................................................59
Lecture 8 – Industrial Ecosystem perspectives............................................................................... 60
Cradle to Cradle (C2C) .................................................................................................................................60
1 Industrial ecology...........................................................................................................................................61
2 Industrial symbiosis .......................................................................................................................................61
3 Dematerialization ...........................................................................................................................................62
Lecture 9 – Circular Economy ........................................................................................................ 64
Why we need it ...............................................................................................................................................64
Challenges .......................................................................................................................................................67
Circular economy typology ..........................................................................................................................68
Tutorial 5 – Circular Economy in Practice ..................................................................................... 69
Tutorial preparation ......................................................................................................................................69
Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................................70
2.1 Product life cycle flow chart for mud jeans ........................................................................................71
2.2 Circularity discourse typology ...............................................................................................................71
Lecture 10 – Industrial transformation: ecological Modernization ................................................. 72
Ecological Modernization theory ................................................................................................................72
1.1 Core features ............................................................................................................................................73
2 Networks .........................................................................................................................................................74
3 Single Use Plastic and EPR in Indonesia ...................................................................................................75
4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................76
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