This is my summary for the course "Media Platforms and Industries I" at my bachelor programme "Media Studies" at the RUG. It covers the chapters 1,3,4,7,8, and 9. Blue highlighted means it is an example of a concept.
, Week 1- Introduction to Studying Media
Platforms and Industries
Turow, Chapter 1, p2-28
Introducing Media Convergence
Media = platforms or vehicles that industries have developed for the purpose of creating and
circulating messages. (phones, movies, music recordings)
Convergence = when two or more things come together
Media convergence = products linked to one medium show up on many media.
- previously, executives saw their content as specific to a particular medium, different media
industries were very different from each other, activities involved negotiations by companies
-> now, executives try to get their products in front of their audiences wherever they are.
Introducing Mass Communication
- some writers suggest that the idea of mass communication isn’t relevant anymore
- the arrival of many channels led to audience fragmentation -> the process of dividing
audience members into segments based on background and lifestyle in order to send them
messages targeted to their specific characteristics
Mass communication process = the industrial process that creates the potential for reaching
millions/billions of diverse, anonymous people at around the same time
- what distinguishes mass communication from other forms of communication, is not the size
of the audience (that’s what mass communication used to be related to) but the way the
content of messages are created (the industrial nature of the mass communication process)
Communication = people interacting in ways that at least one of the parties involved
understands as messages: symbols (words, signs) that appear purposefully to those sending or
receiving them.
Interpersonal communication = two or three individuals signal to each other using their
voices, facial and hand gestures to convey meaning.
Mediated interpersonal communication = interpersonal communication assisted by a
medium (internet, CD, radio)
- main difference between mass communication and (mediated) interpersonal communication:
organizations vs individual people.
- source = the originator of the message
- encoding = when the source organizes and prepares to send the message
- transmitter = performs the physical activity of sending the message
- channel = pathway through which the transmitter sends the message
- receiver = the person or organization that gets the message
- decoding = the process by which the receiver makes sense of the message
- feedback = a response to the message
- noise = sound during communication that interferes with the delivery of the message
MS SUMMARY | Media Platforms and Industries
, - mass communication = the industrialized production and multiple distribution of messages
through technological devices
- mass media = the technological vehicles through which mass communication takes place
(radio)
- mass media outlets = companies that send out messages via mass media (foxnews.com)
Mass Media and Convergence
- mass communication and mass media are closely related to the process of convergence
- the three C’s of mass media convergence: the first two C’s relate to mass communication,
and the third C brings in convergence
- content – the messages
- corporations - the companies that interact to create and distribute the content
- computers – the use of computers by companies to create and distribute content
- a crucial difference between computer-centered mass media and other media technologies:
the former are digital rather than analog
- analog media = referring to the fact that there is a continuous physical relationship
between the original message and its reproduction (vinyl)
- digital media = any media that are encoded in machine-readable formats in the form
of strings of 0s and 1s (CD or digital music files)
- digital media implies the ability of different media to easily interact with each other because
they all deal with information in the same digital form
- being able to move digital files (music or otherwise) from one device to another is an
example of the convergence of media technologies;
- digital content also means that you and others can easily get the technical capability to alter
mass media materials for your own purposes (manipulate the products)
Mass Media, Culture, and Society
People use media in four ways:
Enjoyment: is a basic human urge
- using media as social currency: using media for everyday interpersonal discussions
Companionship: mass media brings camaraderie to people who are lonely/alone.
- Parasocial interaction: psychological connections that some media users establish with
celebrities whom they learn about through the mass media
Surveillance: to learn about what is happening in the world. We all do this every day.
- can occur both on a global and on a local level
Interpretation: using media to find out why things are happening, what/who is the cause,
what to do about them
- credibility people place on mass media: depends if they agree with the values of the content
MS SUMMARY | Media Platforms and Industries
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