Summary Topic: Organisations In The Media (Readings & Lectures)

Give a definition of \"reputation\"

Antwoord: It\'s the generalised expectation about a firm’s future behaviour or performance based on collective perceptions (either direct or, more often, vicarious) of past behaviour or performance

Give a definition of \"legitimacy\"

Antwoord: It refers to the collective perception about which actors and institutions have the right to rule, regulate, and decide

What does \"reputational spiral effect\" refer to?

Antwoord: Corporations with good reputations are more likely to attract positive coverage, whereas firms with bad reputations tend to receive more negative coverage

First problem of reputational management: Politics problem

Antwoord: All public organisations, in one way or another, are connected to a political, superordinate level - which becomes a problem because 1. Mission cannot be changed by the organisation itself 2.Political processes interfere with how public organisations are run

Second problem of reputational management: Consistency problem

Antwoord: Public organisations have responsibilities that require the application of inconsistent sets of values. Values related to morality may conflict with a strong market orientation

Provide a definition of \"mediatization\"

Antwoord: Mediatization is the process by which individuals and collective actors adapt to the demands of publicity and public attention

What does the \"third-person-effect hypothesis\" entail?

Antwoord: The third-person effect hypothesis refers to the individual\'s overestimation of the effect of a mass communicated message on the generalised other - or an underestimation of the effect of a mass communicated message on themselves

Mediatization can be best understood by means of 3 dimensions. Name these.

Antwoord: 1. Perception 2. Structure 3. Behaviour

With reference to the dimensions of mediatization, describe the first dimension, \"\'perception\"

Antwoord: Mediatization is seen as a reaction to a perception of an increased importance of media and communication

With reference to the dimensions of mediatization, describe the second dimension, \"\'structure\"

Antwoord: A perception of media and communication as increasingly important implies that the organization takes action on this and concurrently makes changes in its structural dimension

What does Image Restoration Theory entail?

Antwoord: Image restoration/repair theory outlines the strategies that can be used to restore one\'s image in an event where reputation has been damaged

What does Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) entail?

Antwoord: Crisis managers should match strategic crisis responses to the level of crisis responsibility and reputational threat posed by a crisis

SCCT distinguishes between 3 crisis clusters. Name these.

Antwoord: 1. Victim cluster 2. Accidental cluster 3. Preventable cluster

Name the difference between Image Repair Theory and SCCT

Antwoord: while image Repair Theory suggests one single way to respond to damaged reputation (due to a crisis), differently, SCCT implies that based on the responsibility that one has towards the crisis and the threat that this can imply, diverse strategies should be employed

According to Eriksson, what is effective social media crisis communication about? Name 5 points.

Antwoord: 1. Exploit potential of social media (choose right message to be delivered at the right time) 2. Do pre-crisis work (make friends before you need them) 3. Using social media monitoring 4. Prioritise traditional media 5. Use social media strategic crisis communication

What does the \"sense-making perspective\" refer to when it comes to the relationship between PR-professionals and journalists?

Antwoord: Refers to the communicative interaction between PR-professionals and journalists. it is a discursive process of constructing and negotiating frames on company news

Which levels of influence on the news do Cornelissen et al. (2010) distinguish? Name and describe these

Antwoord: While (1) journalists have little control to the final news distributed (because usually they write for someone so to ensure their article gets published) (2) At the news routines, editors and other supervisors are in charge of whether a story (the journalist\'s story, to be precise) gets finally published, or not. They determine what changes to make on the article, what title it should have & so on The (3) news organisation refers to the influences on the news from within the organisation. That is, aspects such as organisational values and corporate culture shape how an article should result once it is ready to be published The (4) external to the news organisation refers to the influences on the news organisation from outside the organisation - which may include not only environment, but also relationships and network Lastly, (5) ideology refers to the system news media adopt to produce meanings and ideas. That is, for instance, news can have different meanings based on where they are published

Define \"editorial subsidies\"

Antwoord: Targeted, tailored, page-ready news copy that contains key client messages

Name 2 reasons why PR-practitioners are so keen to target online news

Antwoord: 1. It is typically much easier to gain coverage in online-only news spaces 2. Google changed their algorithm to Panda, news sites rather than content farms now are the top dogs on Google – therefore, online news see increased sales

Carroll & McCombs (2003) name 6 key attributes of corporate reputation: What are these?

Antwoord: 1. Overall appeal 2. Products 3. Services 4. Vision and leadership 5. Financial strength 6. Social responsibility

Define Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Antwoord: A desired business action that benefits both society and businesses

Why companies engage in CSR?

Antwoord: Extrinsic motives: engaging in CSR attempting to increase its profits Intrinsic motives: practicing CSR out of genuine concern for a focal issue

Define Corporate Social Advocacy (CSA)

Antwoord: CSA refers to a company’s public stance on controversial salient socio-political issues as a way of engaging with public and gaining legitimacy

Why companies engage in CSA?

Antwoord: 1. To increase legitimacy 2. To stand up on behalf of their stakeholders

Ciszek & Logan (2018) say to stop trying to \"fit a square peg into a round hole\". What do they refer to?

Antwoord: Instead of keep on focusing on dialogue (which is really hard to find on social media), the authors discuss the concept of dissensus. Indeed, social media sphere there is more often dissensus than consensus (where unanimity is not required)

What does it mean to aim developing a PR-theory specifically for social media?

Antwoord: 1. Recognising the value of social media for PR 2. Understanding the unique features of social media most useful in public relations

Kent & Li (2019) list 9 main characteristics of social media. Name these.

Antwoord: 1. Committment 2. Cost of doing good business 3. Intimacy 4. Identity 5. Trust 6. Transparency 7. Physical presence 8. Genuine friendships 9. Longevity

Name and describe the two different traditions in PR

Antwoord: 1. Rhetorical tradition – Sees the main function of public relations as content crafting and messaging, storytelling, and framing communications 2.Relational tradition – posits that the main function of public relations is to help an organization to build and maintain mutual and beneficial relationships with its publics

What does the normative/optimistic view of PR entail?

Antwoord: PR should work towards the public interest, rather than the private interest of the organization. PR should use communication to adjust their ideas and behaviour to those of others rather than to try to control how other think and behave

What does the critical view of PR entail?

Antwoord: The aim of PR is to achieve change by persuasively advancing and potentially privileging particular meanings. According to this view, PR is only about making money