Samenvatting
Summary All the APA texts in one file.
- Instelling
- Tilburg University (UVT)
All the APA texts per test in one file.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 17 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 17 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Verkoper
VolgenVoorbeeld van de inhoud
APA STATISTICS ...................................................................................................................................... 2Independent samples t-test ......................................................................................................................... 3
Cronbachs alpha - optional ................................................................................................................................ 3
Dependent samples t-test ........................................................................................................................... 5
Cronbachs alpha - optional ................................................................................................................................ 5
One sample t-test ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Cronbachs alpha - optional ................................................................................................................................ 6
One way ANOVA ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Cronbachs alpha - optional ................................................................................................................................ 7
Mean of groups.................................................................................................................................................... 7
Normality violated .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Homogeneity violated ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Overall ANOVA.................................................................................................................................................. 8
Planned contrast - optional ................................................................................................................................ 8
Post hoc – optional ............................................................................................................................................. 9
End note .............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Factorial (two-way) ANOVA.................................................................................................................... 10
Cronbachs alpha - optional .............................................................................................................................. 10
Mean of groups.................................................................................................................................................. 10
If assumptions are violated ............................................................................................................................... 10
Main effects ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
Interaction effect .............................................................................................................................................. 11
Simple effects .................................................................................................................................................... 11
End note ............................................................................................................................................................ 11
Bivariate correlation................................................................................................................................. 12
Cronbachs alpha - optional .............................................................................................................................. 12
Partial correlation .................................................................................................................................... 14
Regression (Linear) .................................................................................................................................. 15
Cronbachs alpha - optional .............................................................................................................................. 15
Chi-square ............................................................................................................................................... 16
Odds ratio .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
,APA STATISTICS
Writing
Do NOT put your answers fully in italic or bold.
Pay attention to italics: p =, r =, M =, SD =, F, etc.
Do not use variable names in the text, use normal language:
• NOT: emoji_happy
• BUT: a review with a happy emoji
Be parsimoniously (spaarzaam) in your answers, only answer what is asked. The
teachers/readers want to look at your answers as fast as possible.
Decimals
Always report everything with TWO decimals Except:
p = 3 decimals (.05) npartical = 3 decimals (.24)
0.01 vs. .01
• If a value can be more than 1 à x.xx (SD length, F, etc.)
• If a value cannot be more than 1à.xx (p, r, α, etc.)
• Thus: if a value can be greater than one, report the zero (0.78)
Mean and Standard deviation
The mean score of the variable was 4.27 (SD = 0.68).
Also reported as (M = 4.27, SD = 0.68) depending on context.
Confidence intervals ALWAYS REPORT IF THEY ARE GIVEN (not always
mentioned in this file)
Report confidence intervals as follows: 95% CI [3.90, 4.25]
Plural: 95% CIs [3.90, 4.25], [-2.43, -4.31], and [3.11, 4.29]
Assumption of Normality – if you do it always report also if not violated
The scores were not normally distributed (z-scoreskewness = 8.61, z-scorekurtosis = -0.71). It would
be
better to bootstrap and base the conclusion about significance on the bootstrapped confidence
interval instead of the p-value, but this is not included in the exam. Therefore, I know that I
have to interpret the p-value with caution.
Assumption of homogeneity – if you do it always report also if not violated
The assumption of homogeneity was met/not met (VR = xx.xx). and hat we look at the ‘equal
variances not assumed’ data in de table if not met (except for the Welch in Anova)
,Independent samples t-test
Cronbachs alpha - optional
xx VAR xx was measured with xx items (‘example question’) on a x-point scale (1 = xxx, 7 =
xxx). The mean of the scale was x.xx (SD = x.xx). and the reliability of the scale was
good/excellent, α = .xx.
a) Data are normally distributed:
To test xxhypothesisxx, an independent-samples t-test is performed. The assumption of
normality was met and the XX was normally distributed (z-score skewness/kurtosis = xx.xx
and xx.xx). *Homogeneity here if needed and that we look at the ‘equal variances not
assumed’ data in de table if not met* (VR = xx.xx). On average, xxvariablexx (M = x.xx, SD
= x.xx) was lower/higher than xxvariablexx (M = x.xx, SD = x.xx). This difference was/was
not significant (Mdif = xx.xx, t(xx) = xx.xx, p = .xxx, 95% CI [x.xx, x.xx]). The difference
represents a small/medium/large-sized effect d = x.xx.
b) Data are not normally distributed:
To test xxhypothesisxx, an independent-samples t-test is performed. The XX score was not
normally distributed (z-score skewness/kurtosis = xx.xx and xx.xx). It would be better to
bootstrap and base the conclusion about significance on the bootstrapped confidence
interval instead of the p-value, but this is not included in the exam. Therefore, I know
that I have to interpret the p-value with caution. *Homogeneity here if needed and that we
look at the ‘equal variances not assumed’ data in de table if not met* (VR = xx.xx). On
average, xxvariablexx (M = xx.xx, SD = xx.xx) was lower/higher than xxvariablesxx (M =
xx.xx, SD = xx.xx,. This difference was/was not significant (Mdif = xx.xx, t(xx) = xx.xx, p =
.xxx, 95% CI [x.xx, x.xx]). The difference represents a small/medium/large-sized effect d =
x.xx.
, Always end with relating your finding to the tested hypothesis:
In general, the data supports/this study supports the hypothesis that there is…
How →
Mdif = xx.xx, t(xx) = xx.xx, p = xxx
Mdif = mean difference, t(df) = t-value, p = Sig. 2-tailed
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper myrtheschaepkens. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €4,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 50843 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen