The Lectures of Dr. Arnold van Vliet are summarized in this document. 1 Lecture roughly has 5 pages, including class notes, table of content and graphs.
Chapters 1,2, 3, 5, 8, 9 of textbook included.
,Content
Lecture 1 – The Main Principles of Environmental Science ................................................................................ 1
1. What is Environmental Sciences? ................................................................................................................. 1
1.1. Characteristics of Environmental Sciences.......................................................................................... 1
1.2. Defining Environmental problems ....................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Environmental Quality............................................................................................................................. 1
1.4 Sustainability/Sustainable Development .............................................................................................. 2
2. DPSIR Environmental Problem Chain ....................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Environmental Problem Chain............................................................................................................... 2
2.2. Example: Transport by cars ................................................................................................................... 3
Lecture 2 – Climate Change ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1. The greenhouse effect..................................................................................................................................... 4
2. Natural variability............................................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Milankovitch cycles................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 El Niño Southern Oscillation ................................................................................................................. 5
3. DPSIR: Driving forces &pressures ............................................................................................................... 6
4. Radiative forcing .............................................................................................................................................. 7
5. Scenarios ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.1 What is scenario analysis .......................................................................................................................... 9
6. Response .........................................................................................................................................................10
6.1 Mitigation .................................................................................................................................................10
6.2 Adaption ...................................................................................................................................................10
6.2.1 Adaption in the Netherlands .......................................................................................................10
Lecture 3 – Environmental Health and Toxicology.............................................................................................11
1. Definition of health .......................................................................................................................................11
2. DPSIR-Framework for human health........................................................................................................11
3. Environmental factors that affect health ...................................................................................................11
3.1 Vector-borne diseases: Lyme disease...................................................................................................11
4. Risk Assessment and Risk Management ...............................................................................................11
4.1 Hazard identification (Risk Assessment 1) .............................................................................................12
4.2 Dose-response assessment (Risk Assessment 2) ...................................................................................12
4.2.1 Health impact depends on personal conditions .......................................................................12
4.2.2 Health impact depends on chemical Interactions ....................................................................12
4.2.3 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification .....................................................................................13
4.4 Exposure assessment ............................................................................................................................13
4.4.1 Changes in levels of exposure ......................................................................................................13
4.5 Risk Characterization (Risk Assessment 4) ............................................................................................14
4.5.1 Response options for Case: Risk Management .........................................................................14
5 Differences environmental technology and human epidemiology ........................................................15
6 Advantage and disadvantage human epidemiology..................................................................................15
7 Advantage and disadvantage Environmental Toxicology .......................................................................15
,Lecture 4 – Loss of Biodiversity ..............................................................................................................................16
1. Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) ...............................................................................................16
2. Definition of Biodiversity.............................................................................................................................16
2.1 Nagoya Protocol .....................................................................................................................................16
2.2 Global Biodiversity Outlook .................................................................................................................17
2.2.1 Conclusion Leclere et al 2020 ......................................................................................................17
2.3 Challenge: Lack of information on state biodiversity .......................................................................18
3. Which species depends on which species? ................................................................................................18
3.1 Species roles in a modular network .....................................................................................................18
3.2 Conclusion on ecosystem modularity ..................................................................................................19
4. Classify biodiversity: Biomes of the world ................................................................................................19
5. State varies: Unequal distribution of biodiversity .....................................................................................19
6. Indicator: Mean Species Abundance (DPSIR: Pressures) .......................................................................20
6.1 GLOBIO can be used to assess ...........................................................................................................20
7. DPSIR: Drivers ..............................................................................................................................................21
8. DPSIR: Impact ...............................................................................................................................................21
8.1 Ecosystem Services .................................................................................................................................21
8.2 Provisioning Services .............................................................................................................................21
8.3 Cultural Services ......................................................................................................................................21
8.4 Regulating Services .................................................................................................................................21
9. DPSIR: Response Options ..........................................................................................................................21
Lecture 5 – Water: Resources and Pollution – Focus on Treatment Technologies .......................................22
1. How much water on earth is liquid fresh surface water? ........................................................................22
2. Water cycle ......................................................................................................................................................22
3. Relation water availability and use ..............................................................................................................23
4. Human actions to abate water scarcity .......................................................................................................23
4.1 Influence of anthropogenic driving forces .........................................................................................23
4.2 Water Management and Conservation ................................................................................................23
5. Water pollution ..............................................................................................................................................24
5.1 Societal Drivers .......................................................................................................................................24
5.1.1 Public health ...................................................................................................................................24
5.1.2 Pollution prevention......................................................................................................................24
5.1.3 Depletion prevention/resource recovery ..................................................................................25
5.2 Treatment Technologies ........................................................................................................................25
5.2.1 From Sewage to drinking water...................................................................................................25
Lecture 6 – Introduction to Renewable Energy....................................................................................................28
1. Energy..............................................................................................................................................................28
1.1 Energy vs Power .....................................................................................................................................28
1.2 How much Energy? ................................................................................................................................28
, Lecture 1 – The Main Principles of Environmental Science
Chapter 1 & 2 in Book
→ Define and characterise environmental sciences
→ Define Sustainability
→ Concept of environmental quality
→ DPSIR Diagram!
1. What is Environmental Sciences?
Environment after Cunningham =
• Circumstances or conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms
• Social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community
• Ecological Environment + Social Environment = systematic study of our environment and our place in it
• = The use of scientific methods to study processes and systems in the environment in which we live
• Environmentalism = working to influence attitudes and policies that affect our environment
1.1. Characteristics of Environmental Sciences
• Holistic
• Mission-oriented
• Multidisciplinary/Interdisciplinary →Transdisciplinary scientific field
• Basic disciplines are
o Natural sciences: earth science, ecology, chemistry, technology
o Social sciences: legal science, economics, anthropology, sociology
• Science plays an important role in the process of awareness and valuation of environmental problems.
• Environmental science provides a methodological, orderly way of understanding our environment and the (potential)
impact society has on our environment.
• Careful observation and logical reasoning → search for testable evidence.
1.2. Defining Environmental problems
• Human induced changes in the state of the environment or environmental quality leading to negative ecological and
socio-economic consequences.
• A known process within the environment or a state of the environment which has adverse effects on the sustainability
of the environmental quality necessary for the well being of the organisms living in it.
1.3. Environmental Quality
• To assess and value the actual state of the environment, we need to have an idea of what the state could or should be.
• It requires the setting of a norm or standard or adopting a reference.
• The difference between actual state and reference points to the concept of quality. A valuation of the gap between ‘is’
and ‘ought’.
• Once a function is known it is easier to set a reference/norm/standard.
• A standard is defined as the state of (parts of) the environment in which or by which the function is fully or sufficiently
satisfied.
o E.g. Water pollution: nitrate in groundwater
o Norm: 50mg NO3 per litre
o Function: water suitable for human consumption
o The average NO3concentration in the water in Gelderland is 60 mg/l. This statement is an indication of
a) the state
b) the reference (?)
• The more accurate the user and function are defined and the more we understand about causal relations and other
relevant mechanisms, the more precise the standard can be set.
• Quality can be assessed by comparing the actual (or expected) state of the environment with the standard.
• The actual state of the environment can change due to human interventions or to ‘natural’ fluctuations.
• If people consider the environmental changes as negative than we refer to it as environmental problems.
1
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper Annelija. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €7,39. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
