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Summary: Modern history!
This summary contains all the information you need for the modern history part of the course.
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Notes modern historyLecture 01 - The world around 1900. State and nation building
State building and nation building
Charles Tilly
Charles Tilly summarized the timeframe 990 – 1990. He concludes that War
makes states and states make war. Early state making was done by bandits,
pirates etc. They had small scale turf wars, many rivals and provided
protection inside of the group.
Successful states:
Eventually successful states emerge.
- Efficient: This means the cost of protection is lower than benefits.
- Artillery made forts vulnerable to attack. This force states to have a
standing army. This made states have centralized governments.
Eventually you see protection inside and outside. Money economy
replaced a bartering system to pay soldiers. Because the money
economy is vital to pay the army and eventually this all lead to
legitimacy.
Definition of states:
States: Organizations which more or less successfully. They claim control
over the chief concentrated means of violence within a population inhabiting
a territory.
What states do:
- War making: They eliminate or neutralize their own rivals outside the
territories in which they have clear and continuous priority as wielders
of force.
- State making: They eliminate or neutralize their rivals inside those
territories (monopoly of violence/organization)
- Protection: Eliminating or neutralizing the enemies of their clients
(policing)
- Extraction: Acquiring the means of carrying out the first three
activities. In the long term you need extraction. People need to pay for
this. By paying taxes. We agree that we need these things.
These four activities make sure the states are funded. The result making of
war is neutralizing enemies and this gives stability.
,1000 years state formation:
State formation is the result of violent conflicts. The winners trade security
for extraction within their legal borders. That is why the state has the
monopoly of violence for the state.
State building: unintended consequence of war making.
The consequence of state formation:
In an ideal state formation, you get Sovereignty: supreme authority withing
a given territory
Bureaucracy. States collude with each other. And eventually: less conflicts
but more intense. The larger nations the bigger the wars. State formation
comes before nation building.
Nation building: refers to the creation of an identification of the citizen
with the nation state and an increase in his participation, commitment, and
loyalty to it.
Tilly argued in Europe the two processes were historically separated, with
the nation building generally occurring after the formation of strong nation-
state.
Nation states: a form of political organization under which a relatively
homogeneous inhabits a sovereign state.
Nation states provide strong cohesion and pride. They demand strict loyalty.
Nation states are inherently hostile to other outsiders.
Example: Ca 1880: Jews, Catholics, socialists in Germany: reichsfeinde
(enemies of the state).
, Great power rivalry: Europe around 1900:
1900: Europe (the world) at the eve of war:
State building is complete and there is a rise in nationalism. Imperialism is
more prominent, and states are forming alliances.
1870: informal colonial partition 1900:Africa formally
colonized.
The atmosphere of rivalry in the realm of
Imperialism and colonization caused the
world war 1. It is one of the building blocks.
Security dilemma:
Security leads states to arm but, arms create more insecurity. Perception is
very important. The Situation in which actions by a state intended to
heighten its security can lead other states to respond with similar measures,
producing increased tension that create conflict, even when no side really
desires it.
Big reasons for Europe at the eve of war is Nationalism, imperialism and
alliances.
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