SCC US Begrippen Iris vd Heuvel & Kiki van Gestel
Hoofdstuk 1
Tentamenvragen:
At thanksgiving, Americans commemorate:
the survival of the first Puritan settlers through the aid of neighbouring Native American tribes.
The 13 original colonies:
- New Hampshire
- Massachusetts
- Rhode Island
- New York
- Connecticut
- New Jersey
- Pennsylvania
- Delaware
- Maryland
- Virginia
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
- Georgia
Hoofdstuk 2
Tentamenvragen:
in a redbone song (1973) you can find the lyrics: “we were all wounded at wounded knee in
the name of manifest destiny”. Explain what is meant by this (so explain both elements):
- wounded knee: the last battle between the Native Americans and the new arrivals. Killed over 300
Native Americans. In the name of Manifest Destiny means the concept that the United States had a
God-given right to claim territory across North America and that’s where the Native Americans were
located.
Why would Native Americans as individuals have had such difficulties with the first colonists
when it came to signing treaties?
- They did not have a concept of owning the land so how could part of it be sold?
Explain what the homestead act was and give 2 reasons why this act was ratified
Why wasn’t this scheme always successful?
a law that let U.S. Citizens or people who wanted to become citizens file for 160 acres of free land in
the West. This act was passed by Abraham Lincoln in 1862.
,1. The government requires people to live and improve the land in the west of Mississippi River.
2. The land given to the individuals after five years granted as freehold ownership. (elevate the
condition of men)
Because Newcomers who got land didn’t always know how to deal with it. On the Great Plains, rain
was scarce and a farm or ranch of 160 acres was too small to be economical.
Who found America?
Christopher Columbus. He left on the 3th of August, 1492 from Spain. 10 weeks after leaving he
found San Salvador.
How did the Europeans call America?
The New World.
How did the ancestors of the Native Americans come to America?
Land Bridge between America and Asia during last Ice Age crossing Bering Strait.
What does Potlach mean?
The potlach was a popular ceremony amongst the wealthy tribes along the Pacific Coast of North
America. Potlach means gift giving. The chief of a head of a family gives away everything thay he
owns to show his wealth and gain respect. To avoid disgrace, the person that received gift giving had
to give back even more. If he failed, His family was disgraced.
What are the five aspects of ‘Native Americanness’?
1. The social and political organization
2. Religion
3. The great mystery
4. Economy
5. Warfare
What are the differences between Native Americans and Puritans?
Native Americans:
- In harmony with nature
- Not interested in material wealth, but maximum of leisure
- Balance between nature and man, mind play and work
- Pantheism; divine is in all things
- Land shared by all men, didn’t like roads, towns and fences
Puritans:
- God-given duty to exploit the world
- Deadly sin of idleness
- Glorifying mind and reason, faith, duty and hard work
- Suppressing the natural, physical and playful
- 1 god only + The Great Chain of Being: Humans are the highest creation of god.
,What was the Native Americans their relationship with the Puritans?
The puritans came to farm and needed land. This was shared by the NA, who helped them. After a
short period of peace, it turned into violence, they had vastly different value systems. They forgave
the NA because they ‘didn’t know better’ but showed no intention of changing. Stopped forgiving
when they didn’t need them to survive in ‘The New World’.
(Helped them -> Violence b/o differences -> P forgive NA because they didn’t know better ->
Stopped forgiving and P didn’t need NA anymore to survive)
What was the Puritans their reason for violence to the Native American’s?
NA saw them as inferior (second-best) creatures, presented them as savages who threatened
Puritan Settlements. NA’s didn’t like the towns, roads etc.
Explain the law of 1789 called the Northwest Ordinance:
This law said that the NA’s lands and property shall never be taken from them without their consent,
and in their property, rights and liberty. They shall never be invaded or disturbed in their property.
Explain the ideas of President Monroe in 1817:
Felt that NA’s should leave their ways of living and become civilized. Wanted to move them West,
could either adapt or stay as they were. That meant that the law of Northwest Ordinance ^^ didn’t
apply anymore.
What happened in the Supreme Court in 1823?
The SC ruled that NA’s could occupy lands but not hold title to them.
Explain the Indian Removal act:
In 1830, President Andrew Jackson past an act that all the NA’s East of Mississippi River would be
moved into the ‘Indian Territory’. This place was unsuitable for white farmers.
Explain the Trail of Tears:
In the 1830’s, Congress declared that all and that belonged to the Cherokee’s (tribe) belonged now
to the state of Georgia. They were driven from their home and had to march all the way to what’s
now Oklahoma. This march lasted for five months. An estimated 4,00 of them died from exposure,
hunger and disease.
Explain the Northwest Ordinance act, 1787:
This was an act of the government that gave congress the right to split their Northwest Territory into
three to five smaller territories and created a way to govern them. The importance of the plan was
that It made sure that the original 13 states were not able to control for their own benefit lands that
were settled later.
Explain the Indians Appropriation's Act I:
In 1851, Congress passed an act that provited funds to move Indian Tribes onto farming reservations
, and hopefully keep them under control. Indians were not allowed to leave the reservations without
permission.
Explain the Homestead Act 1862:
The Homestead Act was a law that let U.S. Citizens or people who wanted to become citizens file for
160 acres of free land in the West. This act was passed by Abraham Lincoln in 1862.
Two reasons why this act was ratified:
The government requires people to live and improve the land in the west of Mississippi River.
The land given to the individuals after five years granted as freehold ownership. (elevate the
condition of men)
Explain the Fort Laramie treaty 1851:
The Treadty of Fort Laramie of 1851 created a short period of peace which allowed more settlers to
enter or travel legally through tribal lands.
Explain the Indian-Power Movement 1868:
The indians started a movement from all tribes and occupied Alcatraz Island by the Indians of all
Tribes. The reason for this was the Fort Laramie Treaty. In 1868, all out-of-use government land
should be returned to the NA’s.
Explain the Indian Appropriation's Act II:
In this act the recognition of NA’s, other independent nations and treaties were prohibited. This act
was passed in 1871. (recognition of Indian tribes or independent nations, and prohibiting additional
treaties)
Why would Native Americans as individuals have had such difficulties with the first colonists when
it came to signing treaties?
They did not have a concept of ‘owning’ the land so how could parts of it be sold?
What was the Battle of the Little Bighorn or Custer’s Last Stand, June 25, 1876 in Montana?
- Best known won battle of the Native Americans
- The Sioux had exclusive rights to Black Hills due to the Appropriations act I, however gold
was found in the mountains, so the Americans wanted it. The government broke the act by
sending miners into the Black Hills to collect gold.
- 3000 Native Americans fought the battle and killed 250 men of the US calvary led by general
George Armstrong Custer in less than 30 minutes.
- This led to the Massacre at wounded knee (it was like a payback from the US government).
Explain Wounded Knee:
- December 29, 1890; Devotees of Ghost Dance Religion had gathered in Reservation (South-
Dakota)
- Sioux (Lakota)
- Religious dancing. As a result, earth would perish and come alive again in a pure, aboriginal
state, to be inherited by the Indians, including the death, for an eternal existence free from
suffering.
Explain the Massacre at Wounded Knee:
