The 3 articles for week 5: 1) The unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders compared with diagnosis-specific protocols for anxiety disorders: a RCT (Barlow et al., 2017); 2) Current definitions of transdiagnostic in treatment development: a search for consensus (Sauer-Z...
1. A meta-analysis of the influence of comorbidity on treatment outcome in the anxiety disorders
(Olatunji et al., 2010)
12-month prevalence of anxiety disorders = 18%
They have a substantial negative impact on quality of life, especially in the case of comorbidities,
the rate of which is very high in anxiety disorders (70% have at least one more axis 1 diagnosis
and 92% of those with GAD have another DSM disorder).
Many empirically-based treatments like CBT have been criticized for being too specific and
manual-driven to be able to work in the ‘real world’.
Comorbidity is associated with higher anxiety disorder symptom levels after CBT, so even
specific treatments have been designed for comorbid disorders (for depressed people with OCD).
The extent to which treatment outcomes of different types of treatment are differentially
influenced by comorbidity is unclear.
Comorbidity is common in RCTs that investigate the effect of comorbidity on treatment outcome
hence, treatments deemed efficacious based on RCTs seem to be suitable for real world
patients.
The study examined the influence of diagnostic comorbidity on both active and inactive
treatment outcome in the anxiety disorders.
Findings:
o Comorbidity was generally unrelated to anxiety disorder treatment effect sizes, both for
treatments with specific and nonspecific mechanisms of action.
o 3 ways to conceptualize co-occurrence of multiple disorders:
1) chronological (primary diagnosis developed first)
2) causal (secondary diagnosis are caused by another co-existing disorder)
3) symptomatic predominance (primary diagnosis is associated with the greatest distress
and dysfunction).
Research suggests rather than modifying treatments to address the influences of comorbid
conditions, focusing specifically on core symptoms may maximize outcome for the anxiety
disorder as well as comorbid conditions.
Additionally, the relationship between comorbidity and treatment outcome may vary as a function
of diagnosis. The presence of psychiatric comorbidity is associated with more favorable outcome
for some anxiety disorders (panic disorder, PTSD, and OCD, but not social and specific phobia).
Some patients change more than other patients precisely because of their comorbidity. They show
bigger differential treatment effects = they respond better to active treatments.
o The presence of social phobia at pre-treatment is a significant predictor of favorable response
to treatment of panic disorder.
o A higher rate of developmental disorders may result in a higher rate of children who are better
able to benefit from some treatments and/or who are more likely to present with anxiety
symptoms that are more amenable to intervention.
This indicates there are some unique features to these 3 disorders in relation to other anxiety
disorders.
, o When comorbidity is observed, social and specific phobias are often viewed as independent
syndromes that coexist with other disorders, whereas panic disorder and PTSD (perhaps even
OCD) may be syndromes that are causal of, or have symptom predominance over, co-
occurring disorders.
o Differences in symptoms: unlike other anxiety disorders, panic disorder and PTSD are
characterized by persistent autonomic arousal, which may be a cause of co-occurring
conditions, such as depression or substance use.
Higher comorbidity rates were associated with lower post-treatment effect sizes only for mixed or
“neurotic” anxiety samples.
o Diagnosis and classification of anxiety disorders has important implications for treatment.
negative relationship between comorbidity and treatment outcome may be observed when the
anxiety disorder diagnosis is not well specified.
o There is a substantial overlap between anxiety disorders that stem from shared
genetic/psychological predispositions treatment should target the shared underlying
vulnerabilities instead of the symptoms of each specific disorder separately.
o Treatment outcome depends on which disorder is comorbid: those with comorbid depression
were significantly more likely to be in the treatment failure group.
o Additionally, some personality disorders may have an adverse impact upon treatment
outcome.
The presence of more comorbidity may not always translate into worse outcomes.
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper minearutar. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
