Samenvatting
Summary Tentamenstof health @ work
- Instelling
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
Alle tentamenstof van health at work. Zelf een 8 gehaald met deze samenvatting.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 48 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 48 pagina's
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud
College : Model workload & ICF model2 models : model workload & ICF modal
- Model workload :Takes work as a starting point to explain health
- ICF modal : takes health as a starting point to understand work
Model workload
- Example of a waitress. This waitress has to serve drinks, clean tables and make sure everyone
pays for the drink and food.
External work load
External work load of the waitress = All characteristics of work and working environment that evoke
health (physical or psychological) responses. (vertaling = Alle kenmerken van werk en werkomgeving
die gezondheidsreacties oproepen (lichamelijk of psychisch)).
External workload consist of 4 elements : task content, working conditions, working
relations & employment terms.
1. Task content = Task content refer to the things the waitress needs to do during the day. This
is for example : walking, lifting plates, clean tables with wet towel. This can evoke a physical
response, for instance you can get tired if you have to walk a lot during the day.
2. Working conditions = Working conditions can also contribute to a physical response.
3. Working relations = Think about all persons the waitress has contact with : colleagues,
supervisor, clients. Are they supportive? Friendly? Are there any arguments or conflicts that
can lead to stress symptoms? Or are these relationships good, leading to work pleasure and
happiness?
4. Employment terms = It consists of possibilities to develop yourself (career opportunities),
payments and benefits besides your salary (travel allowance), free time (work schedule,
compensation for night/weekend work, or amount of holidays) and payment (are you happy
with the salary.
Job control
Job control = Ability of worker to reduce the external load trough :
- Change in working conditions
- Use of tools / mechanical aids
- Method of work or sequence
,The example of the waitress : Her external workload consist of lots of walking and
lifting heavy plates. This may lead to fatigue (vermoeidheid), but when her
colleagues help her, or if she can take a break when she starts to feel tired, or when
she has a tool available for piles of heavy plates, she may be less tired. The health
effects and the external workload are then reduced.
Job control = not tired from work low external work load
When she does not have job control over working conditions, method of
work or tools, she will become fatigued much quicker
No job control = fatigued due to work high external work load
Physical work capacity
Physical work capacity = the full range of physical & psychosocial characterises of the worker at a
certain moment.
Can you handle your job emotionally, physically and socially? (physically, attitudes,
knowledge & skills)
Physical work capacity : negative = When waitress is not strong enough to lift plates with heavy
meals and drinks on it, her physical capacity is not balanced with the external workload. Also, when
she finds it difficult to cope with customers who are angry or upset, she might develop stress
symptoms sooner compared to colleagues that can cope with stress more easily.
- Physical = not strong enough
- Emotional = inadequate coping
- Cognitive = calculation speed
Physical work capacity : positive = It is important to notice that one’s physical capacity can change
over time. It can become better (training) or worse (e.g., because of work, or if someone is diagnosed
with a chronic disease).
Physical work load
Physical workload = Physical workload comprises the effects of work on your body. It refers to short
term health effects because of work and not to the workload itself.
- All temporary and short-term physical responses caused by work demands
Temporary: effects fully disappear after recovery (e.g. couple of hours, new working
day)
Short-term (health) effects : increased heart rate, sweating & back pain.
Health effects
Health effects = health effects refer to long term health effects that do not disappear following rest.
- Chronic, recurrent or permanent effects of work load
- Caused by work demands
For example : chronic low back pain & burn out
,Relations in the model work load
Job control + external work load
You can’t look at job control without taking a look at external work load and vice versa.
Lifting heavy plates: no help from colleague/trolley
- No job control high external work load
Lifting heavy plates: ask strong colleague to help
Job control low external work load
You NEED to know what the job control is! The external work load is highly dependent on the level of
job control.
Lifting heavy plates
Physical work load : back pain for 1 day
- But : lifting continues during whole summer
Back pain won’t disappear : negative health effect
Physical work load develops in a health effect
Health effect = when it doesn’t disappear after an acceptable amount of recovery
Balance in the model :
Do not forget work capacity. You can never tell if a job is harmful for your health by only looking at
the external workload of the job.
Physical workload is the consequence of the combination of external work load and job control &
physical work capacity of the specific worker. You want someone’s physical work capacity to be in
line with the external workload and job control.
How can we intervene?
- Reduce external load (e.g. tools, more resting times, higher rewards)
- Enhance job control (give worker more power to adapt job)
- Work capacity (enhance skills, knowledge, attitudes, physically more trained)
, ICF model
ICF model = International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
- It’s not really a model, it’s a classification
- Developed by WHO
- Health work : How does your health condition influence your participation at work?
- You read the model from the top to the bottom.
Participation
Participation = involvement in society : Work and employment
For this course: How does your health influence your functioning/participation at work?
ICF model for a hairdresser
Example : hairdresser hearing loss
Health condition = hearing loss
Body functions and structures = What is wrong with body functions and structures? Inner ear is
damaged, damage of cells in ear.
Activities = How are activities influenced? having conversations, making appointments with
clients via the phone
Environmental factors = Environment where people live, outside individual. Factors in the
environment that can influence activities, participation and body functions/structures : social
environment & physical environment. Examples for hairdressers : noise, computer (can you order
stuff on the computer than your hearing problem is less of an issue), colleagues (if they know you
have a hearing problem they can speak up). They can reduce your limitations or induce your
limitations.
Personal factors = Individual background of a person. Personal factors can influence activities,
participation and body functions/structures. Examples :
- Attitude: ashamed of condition
- Experiences: difficult to talk about condition
- Coping style: try to avoid/ignore problem
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