Samenvatting Intercultural Communication (Bachelor Officemanagement / Organisatie & Management) Vak 3e semester
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Vak
Intercultural Communication
Instelling
Arteveldehogeschool (Artevelde)
Boek
Intercultural Sensitivity
Dit document is een samenvatting van al de geziene leerstof van het vak 'Intercultural Communication', een vak uit het 2e jaar, 3e semester in de richting 'Officemanagement' ofwel Organisatie & Management.
Ik behaalde voor dit vak 14/20 bij de eerste examenkans.
Samenvatting Intercultural Communication 2e jaar op Artevelde
Alles voor dit studieboek
(7)
Geschreven voor
Arteveldehogeschool (Artevelde)
Officemanagement
Intercultural Communication
Alle documenten voor dit vak (2)
Verkoper
Volgen
marie3
Ontvangen beoordelingen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION –
officemanagement
Inhoudsopgave
What is Culture? Visible and invisible culture............................................................................. 4
Definitions of culture.................................................................................................................. 4
Cultural programming................................................................................................................ 4
Culture and subcultures............................................................................................................. 5
Intercultural communication?..................................................................................................... 5
What is communication noise?................................................................................................... 6
TOPOI model, intervention for cultural noise..............................................................................6
Global citizenship....................................................................................................................... 7
Individualism – collectivism (Hofstede, Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck)..............................................8
Masculine and femininity.......................................................................................................... 10
Long-term and short-term orientation...................................................................................... 10
Indulgence and restraint.......................................................................................................... 10
High / low context (Hall)........................................................................................................... 11
Monochronic – polychronic (Edward T. Hall).............................................................................12
Personal space (Hall)= an invisible barrier............................................................................... 12
Fast and slow messages (Hall)................................................................................................. 13
Fast and slow information flow (Hall)....................................................................................... 13
Action chains............................................................................................................................ 13
Value orientations (Kluckhohn and Strodbeck).........................................................................13
How solve daily problems? (3).............................................................................................. 13
Time orientation:................................................................................................................... 14
Doing and being:................................................................................................................... 14
Individualism or collectivism:................................................................................................ 15
Private or public space:......................................................................................................... 15
Human nature:...................................................................................................................... 16
Large and small power distance (G. Hofstede).........................................................................16
Strong – weak uncertainty avoidance....................................................................................... 17
Definition.................................................................................................................................. 18
Importance............................................................................................................................... 18
Verbal and non-verbal codes.................................................................................................... 18
8 channels................................................................................................................................ 19
Kinesics................................................................................................................................. 19
Facial expressions.............................................................................................................. 19
1
, Gestures (some examples)................................................................................................ 19
Posture and stance............................................................................................................ 19
Oculesics............................................................................................................................... 19
Eye contact........................................................................................................................... 20
Paralangue............................................................................................................................ 20
Silence............................................................................................................................... 21
Proxemics.............................................................................................................................. 21
Haptics = touch..................................................................................................................... 21
Olfactics................................................................................................................................ 21
Physical appearance and dress............................................................................................. 22
Chronemics........................................................................................................................... 22
Importance............................................................................................................................... 23
Different styles......................................................................................................................... 23
Communication barriers........................................................................................................... 25
Idioms................................................................................................................................... 25
Loudness of voice.................................................................................................................. 25
Verbal exaggeration.............................................................................................................. 25
Verbal rhetoric and expressing emotions.............................................................................. 25
Conflictual tone of voice........................................................................................................ 25
Informal and alternative language........................................................................................ 26
Translation problems................................................................................................................ 26
Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 27
Organisation culture................................................................................................................. 27
Cultural context..................................................................................................................... 28
Environnemental context...................................................................................................... 28
Perceptual context................................................................................................................ 28
Verbal/ non-verbal context.................................................................................................... 28
Sociorelational context.......................................................................................................... 28
Intercultural context.............................................................................................................. 29
Trompenaars’ 7 dimensions: overview...............................................................................29
Universalism VS particularism............................................................................................ 30
Individualism VS communitarianism (= PG 5)....................................................................30
Specific VS diffuse.............................................................................................................. 30
Achieved VS ascribed......................................................................................................... 31
Neutral VS emotional......................................................................................................... 31
Sequential – synchronic time............................................................................................. 31
Internal VS external control............................................................................................... 32
(not a dimension) The vicious cycle VS the virtuous cycle.................................................32
Managerial styles across cultures............................................................................................. 32
2
,Ethnocentrism.......................................................................................................................... 35
2 differences in cultural values................................................................................................. 36
Cultural communication........................................................................................................... 36
Facework............................................................................................................................... 36
Conflict in individualistic culture........................................................................................... 37
Conflict in collectivistic culture.............................................................................................. 37
Conflict in low-context culture............................................................................................... 37
Conflict in high-context culture............................................................................................. 37
Multicultural teams................................................................................................................... 38
Strenghts, weaknesses and conditions for excellence..........................................................38
Stages of group formation..................................................................................................... 39
Global leadership: The GLOBE project...................................................................................... 40
GLOBE leadership and values:.............................................................................................. 40
Denial.................................................................................................................................... 41
Defence................................................................................................................................. 41
Minimization.......................................................................................................................... 42
Acceptance............................................................................................................................ 42
Adaption................................................................................................................................ 42
Integration............................................................................................................................. 42
3
, 1: Culture, communication
& global citizenship
What is Culture? Visible and invisible culture
Who is Edgar Schein and how does he view ‘culture’ ?
An interculturalist. According to him, culture consists of layers, like an onion.
The onion consists of 3 layers: (+ examples)
The outer layer: artefacts of culture (visible cultural differences)
o First things you notice when entering a new country / new company
o Easy to perceive / nice to know
Language, housing, food, clothes…
The second layer: norms and values
o Written and unwritten stands or correct, desired behaviour
o Takes some time to notice and learn them
What is right or wrong, what can we do and cannot do…
The deepest layer: basic, core assumptions (key beliefs)
o Abstract and invisible
o Unaware of their influence
o Our understandings about what is true
Figure 1: cultural iceberg
Definitions of culture
What is ‘culture’ according to Hofstede?
A collective programming of the human mind,
which distinguishes the members of one group or
category of people from another.
What is ‘culture’ according to Lustig and Koester?
A learnt set of shared interpretations about beliefs,
values, norms and social practices, which affect the
behaviours of a large group of people.
Cultural programming
Culture is a kind of programming according to
Geert Hofstede. We are programmed through (4):
Upbringing
o Ex.: no child would shake hands unless it was programmed to do so.
Socialization
o Ex.: What kind of handshake do we give? A limp or firm one?
Norms and values
o Ex.: value of showing respect for the elderly giving up your seat on the bus =
norm
Perception
o Ex.: by looking, we make conscious choices about how we want to behave.
4
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