Class: 6V
Profile: NT
Subject: Physics
Tutor: J. Groothedde
Date: 14-01-2022
,Abstract
The Mpemba effect is named after Erasto Mpemba. He found out that hot water freezes faster than
cold water in certain circumstances. In this research, the research question was: What is the
Mpemba effect and what are possible explanations for this phenomenon? By use of a literature
research and experiments, a conclusion is made. Although the Mpemba effect could not be observed
in the experiments that were executed, the theory behind this effect is explained in the literature
research, together with possible explanations for this phenomenon.
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, Content
Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 3
Research method .................................................................................................................................... 4
Results ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Literature research .............................................................................................................................. 7
What is the Mpemba effect?........................................................................................................... 7
What is the process of the solidification of water?......................................................................... 8
What are possible explanations? .................................................................................................... 9
What are conclusions made by previous studies on the Mpemba effect? ................................... 10
Experimental research....................................................................................................................... 11
Test experiment demineralized water .......................................................................................... 11
Test experiment tap water ............................................................................................................ 11
Experiment I part I demineralized water....................................................................................... 12
Experiment I part II demineralized water...................................................................................... 12
Experiment I part I tap water ........................................................................................................ 13
Experiment I part II tap water ....................................................................................................... 13
Experiment II demineralized water ............................................................................................... 14
Experiment II tap water ................................................................................................................. 14
Interpretation of experimental research .............................................................................................. 15
Figure 4-5........................................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 6-9........................................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 10-11....................................................................................................................................... 16
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Discussion .............................................................................................................................................. 18
Reflection .............................................................................................................................................. 19
Peroration.............................................................................................................................................. 21
Bibliography........................................................................................................................................... 22
Fraud clause........................................................................................................................................... 23
Attachments .......................................................................................................................................... 24
Werkplan ........................................................................................................................................... 24
Logboek ............................................................................................................................................. 25
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