Class 1: Classes of materials used in medicine (Polymers)
Biomaterial: a nonviable material used in a medical device, intended to interact with biological
systems. This material can be any matter, surface, or constructs that interacts with biological systems.
This material has to be biocompatible, non-toxic.
Biocompatibility: the ability of a material to perform within an appropriate host-response in a
specific application.
21st century: focus on regeneration instead of repair!
Collagen, aliginate (carbohydrate) vs silk, cotton (protein)
Natural vs synthetic: natural polymers (silk, gelatin) have a much more complex structure than
synthetic polymers (nylon, PET)
Tacticity
Common polymers in Biomaterials
PTFE: fluor (-F) make the polymer hydrophobic, and is therefore good for vesicular grafts (blood
flow)
PHEM: hydrophilic groups (-OH) can cause the polymer to form a hydrogel
,Common bonds in polymers
Fact: The more hydrophobic the polymer, the less degradable.
Molecular weight distribution measurements (Mn Mw Ð Xn)
- GPC
- Mass spectroscopy
- NMR
Low MW: more brittle, less stiff
High MW: less brittle, more stiff
Stress-strain curve
Reversibility of stress-strain curve
A: complete (elastic)
B: partly (elastic-plastic
C: not (plastic)
D: hysteresis (time-dependent: visco-elastic)
Amorphous vs semi-crystalline
- Polymers are never 100% crystalline
- Polymers have never achieved their theoretical stiffness
- Crystalline part is hard
- Amorphous part is soft (elastic)
Thermal properties: The three fundamental molecular properties of polymer molecules are chain
stiffness, chain polarity, and chain architecture. They determine two important temperatures that
characterize polymer molecules: T g (glass transition temperature) and T m (crystalline melting
temperature).
Mechanical properties via tensile testing
Thermal properties via Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
, Class 2: Classes of materials used in medicine (Polymers, DSC)
DSC graph
Three heating runs (semi-crystalline polymer)
2nd and 3rd heating run: These two heating runs give the intrinsic properties of the polymer, and should
be the same in case the heating rate is the same.
Heating rate: normally 10-20 oC per minute (you should always report this!)
Why is the 1st heating run different?
The 1st heating run does delete the history of the polymer crystals (T m). The crystals are formed
differently during different conditions during cooling down.
What if the 2nd and 3rd heating runs are different?
Could be a too high temperature during the 2nd heating run, which causes degradation of the polymer
crystals change structure as well and cause different T m
Aging of polymers: the structure of the polymers changes over time.
Tc (crystallization temperature): some polymers crystallize during heating (exothermic process)
Melting trajectory: Some polymers can not pack in perfect crystals like salts, therefore there is a
melting trajectory instead of a perfect melting peak.
The integral of the following peaks results in …
Tg heat capacity (J/oC) ΔC p
Tm melting enthalpy (J) ΔHm
Tc crystallization enthalpy (J) ΔHc
Well-mixed polymer materials: The Tm peaks are different and therefore the crystals are formed at
different spots. This indicates that the mixture is mixed well
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper Britte2000. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.