In the following hypothesis, what is the independent variable? There is no measurable difference in incidence of acne in 15- year-olds who are placed on a chocolate-free diet.
Answer s:
Respons e
a.
Chocolate-free
diet
b.
Acne
c.
Fifteen-year- olds
A dependent variab...
• Question 1
In the following hypothesis, what is the independent variable?
There is no measurable difference in incidence of acne in 15-
year-olds who are placed on a chocolate-free diet.
Answer
s: a.
Chocolate-free
diet
b.
Acne
c.
Fifteen-year-
olds
Respons
e A dependent variable is the response behavior or outcome
that the researcher wants to predict or explain. An
Feedback
: independent variable is a stimulus or activity that is
manipulated or varied by the researcher to create an effect
on the dependent variable. In this example, acne is the
dependent variable and removal of chocolate from the diet
is the independent variable.
• Question 2
Which of the following could serve as a primary source of
information that might be available to someone writing a biography of
Jonas Salk who died in 1995?
Answer
s: a.
A published interview with one of his lab
technicians
b.
An article about Dr. Salk in a 1960's journal.
c.
A diary written by Dr. Salk.
d.
A previous history of his work written about
him
Response
Feedback The published literature contains primary and secondary
: sources. A primary source is written by the person who
originated, or is responsible for generating, the ideas
published. A research publication published by the person or
people who conducted the research is a primary source. A
, theoretical book or paper written by the theorist who
developed the theory or conceptual content is a primary
source. A secondary source summarizes or quotes content
from primary sources. Thus, authors of secondary sources
paraphrase the works of researchers and theorists. The
problem with a secondary source is that the author has
interpreted the works of someone else, and this
interpretation is influenced by that author’s perception and
bias. Authors have sometimes spread errors and
misinterpretations by using secondary sources rather than
primary sources. You should use mostly primary sources to
write literature reviews. Secondary sources are used only if
primary sources cannot be located or if a secondary source
contains creative ideas or a unique organization of
information not found in a primary source.
• Question 3
A stimulus or activity that is measured to examine the effect
created by the independent variable best describes a(n)
variable.
Answer
s: a.
Extraneou
s
b.
Independe
nt
c.
Dependen
t
d.
Demograp
hic
Respons
e In quantitative research, the independent
variable (intervention, treatment, or experimental
Feedback
: variable) is manipulated or varied by the researcher
to cause an effect on the dependent variable. The
dependent variable (response or outcome variable) is
measured to examine the effect created by the
independent variable. An independent variable is a
stimulus or activity that is manipulated or varied by
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