LCP4801 ESSAYS. 100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED Q AND A.
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LCP4801 - International Law
Instelling
University Of South Africa
LCP4801 ESSAYS.
100% CORRECT AND
VERIFIED Q AND A.
1 | P a g e
LCP4801 Study guide Self-assessments
1) Write an essay in which you define international law and
thereafter compare national law to international law
The world has witnessed the development of law since times immemorial in
respo...
LCP4801 ESSAYS.
100% CORRECT AND
VERIFIED Q AND A.
,1|Page
LCP4801 Study guide Self-assessments
1) Write an essay in which you define international law and
thereafter compare national law to international law
The world has witnessed the development of law since times immemorial in
response to growing interaction among the individuals resulting in a need
for a framework to regulate their interactions in the territories they live in.
Similarly, ever since the interaction between the states has increased, the
evolution of International Law has evolved accordingly side by side the
National Law regulating the relations among the states.
The growing role of both National Law and International Law in their
respective spheres and in intersecting spheres has given rise to a debate
over their relation to each other. International Law: International Law is the
law that governs the relations among states and other international legal
persons, and regulates relations between states. The sources of
International Law are customs grown up among states and lawmaking
treaties concluded by them.
There is no “black or white” answer, the most agreed upon common ground
for the description of sources is found, although not exhaustively, in article
38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. Stating that treaties
are the main source, then come customs, after those general principles of
law recognized by civilized countries, and finally judicial decisions and
teachings of the most highly qualifies publicist of the various nations.
National law: National law is the law of a state, which governs the domestic
affairs of the state.
The sources of Municipal Law are customs grown up within the boundaries
of the state concerned and statutes enacted by the law giving authority.
Municipal Law regulates relations between the individuals under the sway
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of a state and the relations between the state and the individual. Strengths
and Weaknesses of International Law and National Law:
1. National law is conditioned by the fundamental principle or rule that state
legislation has to be obeyed, while International Law is conditioned by the
principle “pacta sunt servanda”
i.agreements between states are to be respected—which leaves
International Law helpless as to the implementation of its rules and
regulations over the states in the absence of any enforcing body vis-a-vis
National Law which has the state apparatus at its disposal for its
implementation in the form of legislature, executive, and judiciary.
Moreover, each nation can opt out of international treaties if it deems that it
is not in line with its national interest, which exposes the major weakness of
International Law.
International Law is slow to adapt to the changes that are taking place in
the world and even slower to absorb changes and encompass them into its
existing framework. To add to its problems, the states act individually in
accepting any changes in its framework and have the option of not
complying with the law if they do not agree to do so. Whereas the national
law keeps on improving in response to the changing requirement of the
society thus it is in sync with the cultural, economic, and political
developments of the states.
The technological advancement and globalization have spawned new
problems beyond the capacity of National Law to be solved such as the
regulation of outer space, the division of the deep sea ground, the
protection of human rights, anti-terrorist actions, the control of international
finance system, the prevention of global warming etc. These issues have
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increased the relevance and importance of International Law in the
contemporary world due to its wide range of jurisdiction as compared to the
limited jurisdiction of National Law.
Question of priority: Scholars belonging to Dualist point of view assert that
the two laws are not to supersede, but to coordinate with each other;
therefore, there is no conflict between the two. If a case in which conflict
arises between International Law and municipal law before an International
Tribunal, the practice is to prefer the International Law over the municipal
law. Where conflict arises in a case before a municipal Court (except where
the state has adopted the International Law to supersede, by constitution or
law), the national law is preferred. Where does primacy reside: in
International Law or in national law.
If International Law has drawn its validity only from state constitution, it
would necessarily cease its validity when authority rested upon disappears.
But valid operation of International Law does not invalidate its importance
and regard. For example, after Belgium became independent state, treaties
had not lost their force despite internal constitutional changes. The
International Law also asserts its supremacy when new states enter in
international society and International Law binds them without their
consents. Every state is duty bound to bring not only its laws but also its
constitution in accordance with International Law. . In states, the practice as
to apply International Law by municipal courts is different from each other.
Some states have interpreted in their constitution to apply International Law
and therefore, their courts are bound to apply International Law such as
Germany, Korea, USA, etc. But in most states, the courts apply
International Law conditioned upon the precedence and the practices of the
state. Similarities Scholars belonging to the Monist view consider both the
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