Samenvatting
Summary Lectures notes for Health and Medical Psychology
- Instelling
- Universiteit Leiden (UL)
All lectures notes + additional comments made for the specialisation course Health and Medical Psychology
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 114 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 114 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Health & Medical Psychology LecturesLecture 1: Explaining Health Behaviour
Two parts:
1) The Essence of Health and Medical Psychology
- What is health and medical psychology?
- What is healthy living? What is prevention?
- Why encourage a healthy lifestyle?
2) How can we explain/understand health behaviour?
Where do Health and Medical Psychologists Work?
1) Health care:
● Primary health care (adults, children)
● Private practice
● Organisational health/burn-out prevention
● Secondary health care:
- Mental health organisations
- Pain clinics and rehabilitation centres
● Medical psychology department hospital:
- Pain management
- Oncology and haematology
- Endocrinology
- Cardiology etc.
2) Primary prevention, Policy and Training:
● Municipal health organisations, Public Health Service
● Companies
● Voedingscentrum, Trimbos, Rutgers, etc.
● National health foundations and societies: Hersenstichting, Hartstichting, KWF,
Astma Fonds, etc.
3) Research and Policy
● Universities and research institutes (TNO, Nivel, etc.)
● Local, regional or federal government, Ministries, CBS or CPB, etc.
● Developmental aid organisations
Health and Medical Psychology Topics
- Body and mind interaction
- Coping with chronic diseases
, - Capacity and empowerment
- Stress and disease
- eHealth and self management
- Prevention and health promotion
Lay Perceptions of Health (Blaxter, 1990)
“What does health mean to you?”
● Health as not ill: no symptoms, no visits to doctor
● Health as reserve/resources: strong family, recover quickly
● Health as behaviour: look after myself
● Health as physical fitness and vitality: energetic
● Health as psychological well-being: in harmony, balance, proud, enjoyment,
motivated
● Health as function: to do what I want / have to do
→ Everyone's definition is different, something that's important for you might not be
important for someone else
→ Need to ask person you are working with what is important for them (highly personal)
→ Health has many dimensions (multidimensional)
WHO Definition of Health (1948)
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity”
● The definition has not been amended since 1948 (still being used), although criticism
has been forwarded…
- “Complete”: who ever feels completely well? Almost no one, but many people
still consider themselves healthy even though definition would imply they are
not (problematic)
Understanding Health and Illness
● Biomedical model
→ Argues that you can only become ill, if there is some type of bodily process
affected
- (Underlying pathology, neural and/or biochemical activity), for example:
- Exposure to contagious “agents”
- Insufficient immune response
● What else predicts health and illness?
- Health behaviours (physical activity, nutrition, sleep, etc.)
- Stress/emotions
- Social relations (support, conflict) can function as a buffer (bad social
relations can cause stress, and therefore reduce health)
,Biopsychosocial Model
● Body and mind in interaction determine health and illness
● Consequences of interplay of biological (genes, pathogens), psychological
(emotions, cognition and behaviour) and social (norms, social cultural background)
factors
● The different systems influence each other continuously
Prevention
Prevention is the main effort of health and medical psychologists…
● Primary prevention: prevention of problem / onset of disease / illness / casualty,
interventions that promote a healthy lifestyle
- Target group = healthy people (don't yet have any health complaints)
● Secondary prevention: tracing illness in an early phase, for early treatment or for
prevention of more serious complaints, includes screening and early treatment
- Target group = (healthy) people with an increased risk for disease
(predisposition for disease)
, ● Tertiary prevention: when illness has already happened, prevention of
complications and worsening of symptoms through optimal care (revalidation and
including self-regulation interventions), involves coping with chronic illness and
having a high quality of life
- Target group = ill people
Does Our Behaviour Influence Our Health?
Cohort studies
● Framingham Heart Study (after WWII)
- 500 people between 30 and 62
- Every 2-6 years participants asked to return and give lots of information about
medical history (physical exams, lab tests)
- Learned that high blood pressure, high cholesterol, unhealthy eating patterns,
smoking, physical inactivity, and unhealthy weight all had a strong relation
with cardiac health
→ to prevent heart problems need to focus on these behaviours
● British Doctor Study (1951)
- 40,000 doctors were followed
- Showed that smoking is strongly related to cancer, cardiovascular disease
and chronic lung disease
Alameda 7 – seven health factors for longevity
Which factors predict health?
1. Exercising
2. Drinking less than five drinks in one sitting
3. Sleeping 7-8 hours a night
4. Not smoking
5. Maintaining desirable weight for height
6. Avoid snacks
7. Eating breakfast
Types of health behaviors
● Matarazzo (1984) makes a distinction between:
- Behavioral pathogens (health risk behaviors): smoking, alcohol and drug
abuse, sharing needles, multiple sex partners, unsafe sex, drink driving, no
ear protection, etc.
- Behavioural immunogens (health protective behaviours): physical activity,
healthy nutrition (e.g., low in fat, sugar and salt, vegetables and fruit), sun
protection, bicycle helmet, vaccinations, medication, etc.
Why encourage a healthy lifestyle?
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper gaiaantico. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €5,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 52510 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen