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Lectures with notes IHL : Week 4 - 7 IHL Lectures
IHL Lectures with notes: WEEK 4 - 7,
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WEEK 4 Children and Prisoner'sChildren is one of the vulnerable groups that require certain attention in realising human rights and
right to health in particular.
,Adoption of CRC UN convention is a landmark for children and their rights
Argued there was a need for comprehensive statement on children's rights which should be
binding under international law
The convention is not first international instrument to deal with children's rights.
In 1924, 5th assembly of the league of nationals adopted the declaration of the rights of child =
Geneva declaration. Declaration mark the formal establishment of an international movement for
children's rights.
In 1959 UN declaration intended to build on the Geneva declaration. But failed to include traditional
civil and political rights for children.
The general human rights treaties, children's rights are protected by other international
instruments. Including general human rights treaties such as the European convention and its case
law. As well as specialised instruments that deal with precise aspects of children's rights like
adoption, child friendly justice and juvenile detention (youth detention) which have been developed
by the counsel of Europe.
Poverty including child deprivation in the EU is an issue of growing concern. And is going to lead to
long term negative effects.
Children living in poverty and social exclusion is on a rise in a number of member states as the result
of economic crisis. Clear that against this background that equal opportunities and children's rights
are interrelated and must be addressed.
New treaty due to high child mortality, deficient health care, limited opportunities for basic
allocation. There were also alarming accounts of children being abused or exploited as prostitutes.
,Scope: broad instrument. Covering children's rights: Civil political economic social and cultural
rights, providing unique rights for children
What is a child?
Every human being below age of 18 years unless.. → art. 1
Adolescence up to 18 are holders of all the rights in the convention. They are entitled to special
projection measures and evolving capacities they can progressive exercise their rights.
The CRC recognizes the status of children as autonomous right holders. It is the international law
baseline for the protection of children's rights. Through the ratification state parties of the
convention have reaffirmed the dignity of each of every child. Which the UN committee of the right
of the child has described as the fundamental guiding principle of international human rights law.
Children's have rights, not because they are children but because they are human beings.
Children's are holders of rights but states have duty to uphold and protect these particular
circumstances inform the imperative for recognition of legal capacity of children. And the legal
expression of children's rights in international law.
Unlike other instruments of IHL the CRC acknowledges that the beneficiaries of the rights are
dependent not just on state to uphold their rights but also on other adults: parents and carers. The
convention acknowledges that the development of children is best secured within a loving safe
family. Sometimes children can exercise their rights dependent on family members. At the same
time it responds to the reality that children needs can be ignored by the rights of the family. Whose
authority is often recognized in very strong terms under national law. CRC designed a useful tool of
greater awareness of children's as independent rights holders, they need protection within their
families.
Creating several obligations in terms of to respect, to protect and to fulfil as well as general and
core obligations and obligations to implement an effectively these rights at national level as
elaborated and various general comments.
, Convention takes into account the different social economical cultural and political realities of
individual states and each state may seek its own means to implement the rights
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