Samenvatting
Summary of Introduction To Political Science
- Instelling
- Universiteit Leiden (UL)
Summary of Introduction To Political Science
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 3 van de 27 pagina's
Voorbeeld 3 van de 27 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Verkoper
Volgen
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
1. Comment16 May 2020 at 10:01:40
Politics:
- Constrained use of power
- Process of making/executing
collective decisions in pursuit of
group interest, or to seek
reconciliation of different interests
- Competitive struggle for power/
resources
2. Comment
18 May 2020 at 18:16:50
Rational choice, behavioralism,
some institutionalism
3. Comment Part 1 - What is Political Science?
17 May 2020 at 20:30:11
Feminism, Marxism, Origins:
constructivism
• Ancient Greece
• Plato (political thought/philosophy)
4. Comment
• Aristotle (systematic empirical observation)
17 May 2020 at 20:29:45
• Renaissance/enlightenment
E.g. feminists: “personal is
• Machiavelli, Voltaire, Rousseau, Locke, Hobbes
political”
1 Political science: study of normative theory and political practice of politics (institutions,
processes and behavior
Approaches to politics:
2 • Arena definition (narrower): focus on formal institutions and actors
3 4 • Process definition (broader): focus on politics in all social processes
• Theoretical perspective: generalized approach to explaining phenomenon (supported by hard
evidence)
Readings:
• LMS 1
• HHM 1
• HHM 5
,5. Comment
16 May 2020 at 10:07:28
Theories of being, nature of
reality
6. Comment
18 May 2020 at 18:38:58
No world that exists
independently of meaning we
have given it
7. Comment
16 May 2020 at 10:24:56
Theories of knowledge
8. Comment
16 May 2020 at 10:27:35 Part 2 - Ontology and Epistemology
Aka scientific
5 Ontology: study of what there is
Developed in 60s (introduction of
• Foundationalism/objectivism/realism: world is independent of observer
scientific method to social
• Absolute truth exists
studies)
6 • Anti-foundationalism/constructivism/relativism: realities are constructed
• Blurred distinction from interpretivism
9. Comment
• Post-modernists: there is no truth
16 May 2020 at 10:27:00
Social sciences is on par with
Social ontology: are social entities objective or constructed?
natural sciences
7 Epistemology: study of what we can know
10. Comment
18 May 2020 at 13:37:09
8 • Positivist:
Interpretative perspective 9 • Formulation of general laws/accurate predictions (causality)
• Direct observation = test of validity
E.g. some arguments excluded in • Objective observation possible
advance (to fit dominant • Empirical and normative can be separated
paradigm) • Critique:
• Quine: limited to sensory experience, theory guides fact-finding
11. Comment 10 • Observations cannot be impartial
16 May 2020 at 10:27:48 • Social structures are not independent
Aka hermeneutic 11 • Interpretative:
12 13 • Understanding > explaining
Blurred boundaries • World is socially/discursively constructed (constructivism)
14 • Focus on identifying discourse (since no access to objective facts)
Associated with SOME strands of • Interpretations impact outcome
institutionalism, feminism • Objective observation is impossible
• Double hermeneutic: world is interpreted by actors (collective) + interpretation is interpreted
12. Comment by observer (individual)
16 May 2020 at 10:28:55 15 17 • Positivist critique: subjective opinions, unfalsifiable, not scientific
Of human reasoning/intention • Critical realism:
• Nature is independent (objectivism) but cannot always be observed (social structures)
I.e. MEANING of behavior • Both qualitative and quantitative
• Focus on causality
Hence more qualitative methods • Less focus on direct observation
• Critique:
13. Comment 18 • Positivists: untestable conjectures
18 May 2020 at 13:35:01 • Interpretivist: objectivist ontology, lack of objective
Since causal relationships cannot 19 • Impossible to combine positivism and interpretivism
be objectively observed • Modern critical realism:
• Interpretation of structures affects outcome
14. Comment
16 May 2020 at 10:42:30 Relationship between ontology and epistemology:
What drives social agents to act • Ontology precedes epistemology
and why 20 • (Disagree) post-structuralism: ontology is grounded in (no different to) epistemology (vs
precedes in)
15. Comment • Ontology is either acknowledged or implied in epistemology
18 May 2020 at 18:54:52
Stems from fundamentally
different ontologies
16. Comment
18 May 2020 at 18:55:41
E.g. particular to certain contexts
(time, space)
17. Comment
18 May 2020 at 18:56:27
Which matters because
interpretivists sometimes try to
make knowledge claims
, 18. Comment
18 May 2020 at 19:00:03
If it cannot be observed then it
cannot be proven
19. Comment
18 May 2020 at 19:02:20
Since based on different
ontologies
20. Comment
18 May 2020 at 18:43:11
There is no causal relationship
between knowledge and society
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper bellakim. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 71184 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen