WSU Psych 372 Exam 1 questions and answers complete
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WSU Psych 372
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WSU Psych 372
What is physiology (biological) psychology?
The study of behavior has many components:
- Neuroanatomy
- Neuroendocrine
- Neurochemistry
- Neuropathology
- Neuropharmacology
- Neurophysiology
What is the difference between monism and dualism? What is the evidence for monism (i.e., how do...
wsu psych 372 exam 1 questions and answers complete
what is physiology biological psychology
what is the difference between monism and dualism what is the evidence for monism ie
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WSU Psych 372 Exam 1
What is physiology (biological) psychology? - Answer The study of behavior has many
components:
- Neuroanatomy
- Neuroendocrine
- Neurochemistry
- Neuropathology
- Neuropharmacology
- Neurophysiology
What is the difference between monism and dualism? What is the evidence for monism
(i.e., how do we know that brain and mind are closely related, if not the same)? -
Answer Monism is when the brain and mind are one and dualism is when they are
separate. We know that the brain and mind are closely related because, when you have
have a serious brain injury your thought process and thinking can be non existent.
What is the Coolidge Effect, and how did scientists discover that it occurred in both
sexes? (i.e., how did they design their experiment to deal with the confounding variable
of male sexual fatigue?) - Answer The Coolidge effect is male hamsters become
fatigued from having sex with the same partner until getting a new partner. In the
experiment the the confounding variable was the male sex drive, so in the new
experiment they kept the males away at first and observed how excited they were when
they were in front of the new partner vs the old partner
How do genes yield traits? For example, if two people differ on a particular trait as
adults, what are genetic mechanisms that could explain inherited vs. environmental
influences on their neuroticism? - Answer DNA ~translation~ RNA ~transcription~
Protein ~ trait
- If B is risk adverse and E is bold and fearless ( B is higher on neuroticism)
- The gene that encodes GABA receptors in the amygdala contributes to neuroticism
- This gene is highly expressed in E but less in B
- B's amygdalar neurons make some GABA receptors, but E's amygdala neurons make
more resulting in lower neural firing in E's amygdala than is B's
Describe two mechanisms at the DNA level that can result in increased or decreased
gene expression after birth. - Answer DNA Methylation: A methyl group is binded to a
DNA segment --> resulting in decreased gene expression UNLESS demethylation
occurs
Histone remodeling: the core around which DNA wraps changes shapes → increase or
decrease gene expression (transcription)
Can "selective breeding" be used to improve performance on a maze task in rats? Is the
performance of "maze-dull" vs. "maze-bright" rats similarly altered: (a) if they are raised
, by parents who perform differently on this task? (b) if they are raised in an "enriched
environment"? - Answer YES, breeding maze bright rats together result in a lot less
errors than the offspring of the maze dull rats. If they are raise by parents who perform
differently it doesn't seem to make much of a difference. but if they are raised in
enriched environments the maze dull rats do so much better. While when the maze
bright rats are raised in impoverished environments there is not much of a change.
What is the genetic basis of PKU (phenylketonuria)? How can environmental (dietary)
adjustment compensate for this gene abnormality? - Answer PKU is recessive, it is a
mutation of the phenylalanine on chromosome 12. When people have PKU they are put
on a phenylalanine restricted diet, so decrease the level of phenylalanine in the blood
Why were heritability estimates from early twin studies misleading (i.e., why did early
twin studies overestimate trait heritability)? How can epigenetic studies of monozygotic
twins be used to help us better understand how the environment influences
traits/disease as we age? - Answer - The first big twin study was the Minnesota Twin
study, but they overestimated traits, they didnt use a very diverse population of their
twins came for very nice and maintained homes with good support so they all had the
same environment.
- While when we see epigenetic studies of monozygotic twin we can see that they are
only really identical at birth then after that their experiences change a lot of their genes
-In epigenetic studies they actually can take tissue and look to see if there is any
evidence of histone remodeling
Describe the basic divisions of the nervous system (what they're called, where they're
located, what they do). - Answer Central Nervous System: the brain and the spinal cord
peripheral Nervous System: Everything else. Includes Somatic NS (voluntary muscle
movement) and Autonomic NS (Involuntary muscles ex. heart)
Describe the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems,
including some physiological effects of SNS activation (and what types of events
activate it). - Answer Sympathetic NS is the fight or flight (energy expanding)
Parasympathetic NS is the rest and digest (energy conserving) The SNS is indicative of
psychological arousal so your digestive system slows, constrict blood vessels, pupil
dilation, goose bumps, sweating. All kinds of events can activate this: real danger or
test, or public speaking
How well protected is the CNS compared to the PNS (describe protective
mechanisms)? Can your CNS and PNS neurons repair themselves if they are
damaged? If so, how? - Answer The CNS is very well protected. First of all it has
structural protection with the Skull and CSF. As well as the Blood-Brain Barrier, which
prevents large harmful molecules getting into the blood vessels of the brain.
In the PNS Schwann cells help regenerate the damaged neurons very quickly, but on
the other hand in the CNS the if you damage a part of your brain you are unlikely to
recover that area
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